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Outbreak
Acute Sudden Death
Syndrome in Mule herds
of Udayapur 2063
Dr.Kedar Karki
Dr. Purnima Manandhar
Dr.Pragya Koirala
Objective of Study
Identification of the possible cause of the
Syndrome.
Spain(1988)
leukoencephalomalacia (eaten corn with a pinkish fungal
growth)
Post-mortem examination
Severe congestion of liver, lung, spleen,
heart,
Serosangqinus fluid in thoracic cavity.
Hemorrhage in stomach mucosa.
Histopathology examination
Liver, lung, spleen, heart tissue
Parasitological examination
Blood, Fecal samples (healthy mules)
Samples for Laboratory
from dead/healthy mule
Toxicological analysis
Liver, lung, spleen, heart, intestine (dead)
Serological examination
Serum (healthy mules)
Mycological culture
Feed grains: Maize, Gram
Result and Discussion
Bacteriological culture of tissue specimen,
swab blood - revealed no growth of any bacteria.
Lungs
• Perivascular cuffing
• Infiltration of mononuclear cells in the form
of nodules.
Histopathological changes
Kidney
• Deep medullary region reveals infiltration
of mononuclear cells.
Spleen
• The number of white cells seems to be
increased in the area of white pulp.
Suggestive of chronic/viral disease.
(C.V.L.Patholigy Unit)
Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
Purdue University
Histological description of hepatocytes necrosis
and vacuolization with bile duct proliferation is
more characteristic of poisoning by the
mycotoxins, Aflatoxins, also produced primarily
by Aspergillus sp. molds. In many species other
than horses, fumonisin does cause liver damage,
however in horses, the lesions are primarily in the
brain and can often be seen at post-mortem and
histologically..
Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory
Purdue University