SCULPTURE

Three-Dimensional Artwork

Sculpture is a

threedimensional
form constructed to
represent a

TYPES OF SCULPTURE

1.Full Round
2.Relief
3.Linear

1. FREE-STANDING OR
FULL-ROUND.

It inhibits threedimensional space in the

same way that living
things do.
Sculpture in the round
cannot be appreciated
from only a single

FAMOUS
FULL ROUND
SCULPTURES
Statue of Liberty
by Frdric
Auguste
Bartholdi
October 28, 1886

FAMOUS
FULL ROUND
SCULPTURES

Pieta by
Michelangelo (14751564)

FAMOUS
FULL ROUND
SCULPTURES

The Thinker by
Auguste Rodin)

FAMOUS
FULL ROUND
SCULPTURES

Venus de Milo (100130 BC)

FAMOUS
FULL ROUND
SCULPTURES

David (1501-1504) by
Michaelangelo

FAMOUS
FULL ROUND
SCULPTURES

UP Oblation by
Guillermo Tolentino

FAMOUS
FULL ROUND
SCULPTURES
Rizal Monument by
Richard Kissling,
remodeled by Juan
Nakpil

2. RELIEF SCULPTURE
A relief sculpture grows out of flat,
two-dimensional background, and its
projection into three-dimensional
space is relatively shallow.
The back of the relief sculpture is not
meant to be seen, the entire design
can be understood from a frontal view.
Relief sculptures are usually used in
combinations with architecture as wall
decorations.

BAS RELIEF
Also known
as low
relief.
Slightly
raised

Akhenaten- New Kingdom

(1350 BCE)

Centaur & Laptih relief, metopes,

Parthenon

HIGH RELIEF
- are modelled
forms project
from the
background by at
least half their
depth. Also called
alto-relievo

HIGH RELIEF
Bonifacio
Monumen
t by
Eduardo
Castrillo

Mount Rushmore

Alexander Calder: Untitled

Linear

Linear sculptures
emphasizes construction
with thin, tubular items
such as wire or neon

METHODS OF
EXECUTION
1.Subtraction / carving cut away
unwanted raw material; carving
away
2.Manipulation/ modeling shape
material with the use of hands
3.Substitution/ casting material
that is cast from one state to
another

METHODS 1:
SUBTRACTION/CARVING
Carving is the process of creating a
sculpture by cutting or chipping a
form from a solid mass of material
using some sort of chisel or carving
tool.
Because material is taken away from
the mass, carving is known as a
subtractive method of sculpture. The

2. Manipulation/Modeling
Modeling is an additive method, as
the sculptor is continually adding
material to the form.
The material will typically be
constructed atop some sort of metal
frame or skeleton to lend support to
the soft material, so it will be able to
maintain its shape.

2300BCE China, funerary storage jar

Sung Dynasty celadon vase, 1000 CE

3. SUBSTUTION/CASTING
In the casting process, an artist creates
a sculpture from a soft, malleable
substance such as wax, plaster or clay.
This sculpture will serve as the model
that will be encased in plaster, silica or
some other substance to make a cast.
The major benefit of casting is that the
artist may be able to produce multiple
copies of the sculpture using the same

Sculpture by Kylo Chua

(2009)
http://www.verylgoodnight.com/casting3.html

4. FABRICATION
The most modern sculpting technique,
also known as construction.
The artist will take existing materials
and attach them together in some
fashion, with the resulting combination
of materials forming the sculpture.
A creation of art is done through
joining or fastening. It also includes
welding, gluing, stapling, soldering,

ASSEMBLAG
Eassembling
found
objects in
unique
ways.
Joseph Cornell

Sandata 3rb
By Lirio Salvador

Kinetic
Sculpture
- movable
parts
(wind)
Alexander Calder: the mobile

SCULPTURAL ART ELEMENTS

Mass (literal)
Line & Form: open & closed
Space / Negative space
Color
Texture

NEGATIVE SPACE

Henry Moore: Reclining Figure, 1938. Elmwood

MASS (LITERAL)
Venus of Willendorf, 24,00022,000 BCE, 4 tall

COLOR
Alexander Calder, The
Four Elements, 1961

TEXTURE
Capitoline wolf, bronze, 5th c

TEXTURE
Kii-Hulu Manu 18th c.
Believed to represent
Ku Ka Ili Moku

TEXTURE

Three Goddesses, pediment, Parthenon

DESIGN
PRINCIPLES
Proportion relative relationship of shapes to one
another
Repetition rhythm, harmony, variation
Articulation manner by which we move from one
element to the next (how the artist has repeated, varied,
harmonized, & related its parts and the movement from
one part to another)
Focal area emphasis
Scale size in relation to standard
Balance Biomorphic / geometric forms

PROPORTION
proportion is the
relative relationship of
shapes to one another
within the sculpture
itself.

Olmec 400-800 BCE

 whenever you have an element

that occurs multiple times

REPETITION

Frank Gaylord, Korean Memorial, 1995

Symmetrical balance

Great Temple of Ramses II- 1290 BCE

ASYMMETRICAL
BALANCE

Jacques Lipchitz: La Joie

de Vivre, 1927

ARTICULATION
articulation is how the
different parts of the
sculpture seem to be joined
together

Marshland Two, 2013, steel, H 187cm

Anthony Smart

 Sculptors, like painters or any

other visual artists, must
concern themselves with
drawing our eye to
those areas of their work that
are central to what they wish
to communicate.

FOCAL AREA
Bernini, The ecstasy of St. Teresa, 16471652

FOUND
when a sculptor makes their
sculpture out of a raw
material but more or less is
just kind of picked up either
from the natural world
toward using other peoples

Kitchen Utensil Skull

discarded items

sometimes just finding

things on the street or on
the sidewalk and sort of
using that as raw material
Subodh Gupta cooked up this giant skull
sculpture out of dinner plates, pots, whisks,
and other kitchen utensils.

 Bernard Pras
makes piles of
trash that from
most angles look
like hes just
another
litterbug, but
when you look at
them just right
you see
masterpieces.

By Lirio Salvador

SANDATA NI BERNARDO CARPIO

Mixed Media
108467 cm
2008

Drone Transit
Mixed Media
85221 24 cm
2009

Lirio says "It's all about the

merging of my native oriental
culture and the present
industrial environment that is
slowly corrupting my native
land". He creates his
assemblage of musical
instruments using day to day
materials that are found in his
present environment,
including bicycle gears, drain
cleaning springs and stainless
steel tubes.

Elemento in action

EPHEMERAL
is one that is

transitory that

means it's meant only

to last for a short
amount of time
conceptual, transitory,
and makes statement
then ceases to exist

INTERACTIVITY
the viewer
somehow changes
the sculpture and
that's an
intention
you can make
sculptures that
somehow people
can interact with

Flow 5.0 is an
interactive landscape
made out of hundreds
of fans which reacts to
your sound and motion.
By walking and
interacting the visitor
creates an illusive
landscape of
transparencies and
artificial wind.

Titled Cloud, the installation was created by Canadian

artist Caitlind Brown for a late night art festival, Nuit
Blanche in Calgary. The viewers were able to turn on the
1,000 functioning bulbs (the other 5,000 were burnt-out
bulbs donated by the public) by pulling on metal chains
that were attached to them, causing a giant sparking and
flickering effect.

COLOR AND AGE

Bird in Space, Bancusi, 1923

The Kiss, Rodin, 1889

dynamics

there's not a high level of dynamics

great sense of dynamics

Bernini, David, 16231624

Michelangelo, David, 15011504

SCALE

The Little Fourteen-Year-Old

Dancer; cast in 1922 from a
mixed-media sculpture
modeled ca. 187980
Edgar Degas (French, 1834
1917)

Venus of Willendorf, 24,000 B.C.E 22,000 B.C.E.

man cutting his toenails, 18-19thc.

New Jersey-based artist Sue Beatrice, aka All Natural Arts, creates spectacular steampunk sculptures
made out of old watch parts. With the environment in mind, her clever little creations are made entirely
out of recycled materials that offer a bit of whimsy. The discarded and found objects (gears, sprockets,
vintage pocket watches, etc.) are upcycled and repurposed into unique items that boast themes of
nature.

ARTIST DISGUISING THE

MATERIAL

La Danade (1885) by Auguste Rodin

- to highlight the material and make the

material look exactly like what it is

GLYPTIC
SCULPTURE

It highlights exactly what wood looks like it's

the color of wood, the shape of wood.

The roughness of the rock actually

becomes but one of the important
things that we're really seeing in the
sculpture.

LIGHTING AND
ENVIRONMENT
Wax sculpture of Tupac
Shakur

Easter Island carvings

outside

IDENTIFY THE
SCULPTURAL ELEMENTS

Part 3

COAT-HANGER GORILLA

LEGO MAN

Christo Sculpture, Pink fabric around an Island

Surrounded Islands, Biscayne Bay, 2 weeks 1983, 6.5 million sq. feet
of fabric- underlined various elements and ways the people of Miami
live between land and water

Glass Chandelier by Dale Chihuly

Praying Mantis Ice Sculpture

Chicagos Jelly Bean

Heads made from Bread