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CCNP SWITCH
Objectives to covers
Campus LAN Switching Basics
Internetwork Switching Methods
Local Area Network Switching Fundamentals Switch Table
Architectures
Considerations
Networks.
frames.
SWITCHING METHODS
Switches can use three main forwarding techniques, as follows:
Store-and-Forward Switching
Cut-Through Switching
Fragment-Free Switching
most processor-intensive.
errors.
the frame is copied into the internal memory of the switch before the
frame is forwarded.
is very fast and reduces latency, which is the amount of time it takes
errors.
holds the packet in memory until the data portion reaches the switch.
to address and solve the problem encountered with late collisions,
LAN SEGMENTATION
Switching Architectures
efficient networks.
performance:
convergence issues.
minimal latency
As each element in the network design requires change, the cost and
sites.
switches
Often, the functions of the core and distribution layers are combined
characteristics:
increasingly prevalent.
VLAN SVIs are configured on the access layer switch, which hosts will
The distribution layer can also be the point at which remote sites access
the corporate network.
access layer is the point at which local users physically connect to the
network.
may also use access lists or lters, such as MAC address lters, to
the following:
access layer is the point at which local users physically connect to the
network.
users that require them. Thus, most traffic will never need to leave
the access layer.
networks.
These two areas are further divided into modules or blocks that
end-user workstations,
Within this module, logging and reporting information ows from the
end users and devices. Trafc ows on the server module are
inspected by on-board intrusion detection within the Layer 3
switches. This module is tied into the switch block.
and routed from the edge modules to the core modules. Figure 1-10
below illustrates the modules within an enterprise campus:
modules:
providing a hub for terminating VPN traffic from remote sites, and
Figure 1-12 below is an example of how the VPN and remote access
central (hub) site and remote (spoke) sites. Figure 1-13 below
illustrates the WAN module:
1. Scaled Switching
2. Large Switching with Minimal Routing
3. Distributed Routing and Switching
However, the downside is that the entire campus LAN is still a single
communication.
In this topology, routing is used only in the distribution layer, and the
This design scales well when VLANs are designed so that the majority
this design is suited for networks adhering to the legacy 80/20 rule.
This design is optimized for networks that adhere to the 20/80 rule,
This is the most common campus LAN design model in modern day
networks.
Switching Tables
frames arrive on switch ports, the source MAC addresses are learned
and recorded in the CAM table.
The port of arrival and the VLAN both are recorded in the table, along
port, the MAC address and time stamp are recorded for the most
recent arrival port.
already present in the table for the correct arrival port, Only its time
stamp is updated.
not been heard from for a period of time) are aged out. By default,
timer is reset every time a frame is received with the associated MAC
address on the correct port.
frames. You also can configure static CAM table entries that contain
MAC addresses that might not be learned otherwise.
the interface and VLAN where the MAC address is found. What might
that mean?
Answer
Either the host has not sent a frame that the switch can use for
or something odd is going on. Perhaps the host is using two network
interface cards (NIC) to load balance traffic; one NIC is only receiving
traffic, whereas the other is only sending. Therefore, the switch never
hears and learns the receiving-only NIC address
To see all the MAC addresses that are currently found on interface
GigabitEthernet1/0/29,
gigabitethernet1/0/29
the TCAM.
access-list entries:
access-lists.
However, the access-list will not take effect until its applied to an
interface or VLAN.