Telecommunication Networks

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

What is Telecom ?
Telecommunication is the assisted
transmission of signals over a distance for the
purpose of communication.
It is the technology of transferring information
over a distance.

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

Information

1. Information can be of several type:

Audio Telephone
Text - Telegraph , email, SMS
Pictures Picture attachments
Video Clipping over internet
Data ATM to bank.

2. The same telecom technology/service cannot

communicate all the types of information.

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

Benefits of Telecom
Expansion of spatial & temporal horizons.
New industries are possible like BPO.
New facilities like

tele-medicine,
tele-education,
e-governance,
e-commerce

Leads to economic growth.

Telecom in India
Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

Growing subscriber base.

New services and technologies.
More focus on wireless & internet.
Government wants more development in
rural areas.
Decreasing Prices.
Increasing demand for bandwidth.
Guided by New Telecom Policy 1999 &
National Telecom Policy 1994.

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

Thrust areas in Telecom

Customer premises equipment.

Access
Network
Transmission
Switching
Computerization

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Learning Objectives

Identify major developments and trends in

Telecom N/W in India
Identify the basic components, & functions, of
various N/W elements.

The current Generation Network

i. Access N/W
ii. Aggregation N/W
iii. Backbone

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

Communication Fixed Lines

Subscriber
Line
(2W)

Inter-Exchange
Junction

Telephone Exchanges

Subscriber
Line
(2W)

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Communication - Mobile

Subscriber
Line
(2W)

Inter-Exchange
Junction

BSC

BTS
MS

Telephone
Exchange

Mobile Switching
Centre (MSC)

Sub Access Network

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

Drop wire
DP
CABINET
PILLARS

MDF

DP
DP

Primary
Secondary
Distribution

DP

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The current Generation

Network(cntd)
Circuit switching based
Suitable for voice

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

Communication - Mobile

Subscriber
Line
(2W)

Inter-Exchange
Junction

BSC BTS
Telephone
Exchange

Mobile Switching
Centre (MSC)

MS

Project 2.2 : A City

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

Core
router

Broadband
RAS

ne
r
e
E th

GE

ark
d
n
to

ADSL
terminals

BB
Tier1 GigE
Aggregation
SW

re
b
i
f

ADSL
terminals
..DSLAM..

GigE
Tier 2 LAN Switch

FE
..DSLAM..

GigE

X-ge C
X-ge B

ADSL
terminals

FE

GE

X-ge D

X-ge E

GE

..DSLAM..

ADSL
terminals

FE
..DSLAM..

ADSL
ADSL
terminals terminals

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

N/W Hierarchy

LevI TAX

Lev I TAX

LevII TAX
LevII TAX

TANDEM/LE

TANDEM/LE

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Wireless Access Network

Midas

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NETWORK
DIAGRAM OF CDMA / WLL SYSTEM

2 Mbps
DIGITAL
2 Mbps LINK
DIGITAL
LINK

2 Mbps
DIGITAL
LINK

Telecom
Network

PSTN

BTS

FWT

BSC
( V5.2 OR
R2/NO.7 )

FAX

..

MS
BTS

BSC : Base Station Controller

MSC : Mobile Switching Centre

FWT : Fixed Wireless Terminal at subscriber premises.

MS : Mobile Station

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

DATA N/W
Access
DSLAM
TIER II SW
TIER I SW
NIB

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Mobile N/W
GSM/CDMA
MS
BTS
BSC
MSC

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NGN-convergence of N/W
Packet switching based
IPV6
Portability

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The medium

OFC Backbone & access

DWDM systems
PON

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BSNL SERVICES

Landline Services.
Mobile Services.
Internet Services.
Intelligent Services
Data Communication Services.
Satellite Services
Other Services

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LANDLINE SERVICES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Basic Phone
ISDN
CENTREX
EPABX
PCO / Coin-Box

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MOBILE SERVICES
6. Mobile
7. WLL
8. GPRS/EDGE/3G

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INTERNET SERVICES
9. Dial Up.
10. CLI based.
11. Sancharnet.
12. ISDN Sancharnet
13. High speed internet over WLL
14. DIAS
15. BROADBAND

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

INTERNET SERVICES Cond

16. Ev-DO
17. NIC Card
18. Wi-Fi
19. Wi-MAX
20. Internet over Mobile (GPRS/EDGE/3G)
21. Web Hosting
22. Web Co-Location

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

INTELLIGENT SERVICES
23. India Telephone Card
24. FLPP
25. Tele voting
26. Universal Access Number
27. Universal Personal Number
28. Premium Rate Services
29. Free Phone
30. VPN

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

DATA COMMUNICATION
SERVICES
31. Leased Line
32. Internet Over Leased Line
33. MLLN
34. MPLS-VPN
35. VPNoBB

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OTHER SEVICES

39. Fleet Tracking

40. IP-TV / Multiplay
41. Video/Audio/Web Conferencing
42. Telegraph

Today
Separate Service Networks

IP Networks

PSTN/ISDN

PLMN

Services

Separate Access Transport & Switching Networks

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

PSTN model Vs NGN model

Dedicated Network per service

Convergence technologies

Large Invest

Cost reduction

Multiple technologies / Knowledge

One Protocol, one Knowledge

Voice

Voice
Network

Data

IP
Network

Video

Video
Network

Storage

Storage
Network

voice

Data

Video

IP
Network (for Voice, Data & Video)

Storage

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

PSTN model Vs NGN model

Dedicated Network per service

Convergence technologies

Large Invest

Cost reduction

Multiple technologies / Knowledge

One Protocol, one Knowledge

Voice

Voice
Network

Data

IP
Network

Video

Video
Network

Storage

Storage
Network

voice

Data

Video

IP
Network (for Voice, Data & Video)

Storage

Transition to NGN: Third wave

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

Today

Tomorrow

Internet

Telephone
network

Mobile radio
network

IP-Network

Multimedia Access - Advantages

easy to handle
reliable
mobile

One network for everything

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center

The future
NGN one N/W all services

Rajiv Gandhi Memorial Telecom Training Center