WINDOWS

vs.
LINUX

Presented
by:
Aparajita

Team Windows
Harpreet Kaur
Mansi Mahajan
Anadi Vats

Team Linux

Palak Mehta
Divyakshi
Kumar Siddharth Bansal
Submitted

to:

WINDOWS : AN INTRO
Microsoft Windowsis
a se

a series
ofsoftwareoper
ating systems
andgraphical
user interfacespro
duced by Micro
soft.
Microsoft f t in
rs
troduced an pe
o rating
environment
namedWindow in
s
November
20, 1985 as a
n add-on toMS-DO
Sin
response to the
growing interest
ingraphical
user interfaces
(GUIs).
Microsoft Wind
ows came tod
ominatethe
world'spersona
l computerma
rket,
overtakingMac
OS, which had
been
introduced in 19
84.
Windows had ap
proximately 91%
of the
market sha
re of the clientope
rating syste s
m
for usage on theIn
ternet.
The most recen
t client version
of Windows is
Windows 7

AN INTRO TO LINUX
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lled on a
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The deve
rominent

WHY...
WINDOWS vs LINUX!!!
Comparisonsbetween theMicrosoft
WindowsandLinuxcomputeroperating
systemsare a long-running discussion topic
within the personal computer industry.
Throughout the entire period of
theWindows 9xsystems through the
introduction ofWindows 7, Windows has
retained an extremely large retail sales
majority among operating systems for
personal desktop use, whileLinuxhas
sustained its status as the most
prominentfree softwareoperating system.
After their initial clash, both operating
systems moved beyond the user base of the
personal computer market and share a
rivalry on a variety of other devices, with
offerings for the server andembedded
systemsmarkets, andmobile
internetaccess.

Performance
Windows
Process
Scheduling

Memory
Management/
Disk paging

Default file
systems

Linux

NT-based versions of Windows use a CPU scheduler Linux kernel(it is a bridge between
based on a multilevel feedback queue with 32
applications and the actual data
priority levels defined.
processing done at the hardware level)
once used a scheduling algorithm favouring
interactive processes.
Windows NT family (including 2000, XP, Vista,
Most hard drive installations of Linux utilize a
Win7) most commonly employs a dynamically
"swap partition", a partition dedicated exclusively
allocated page file for memory management. A page for paging operations. This reduces slowdown due
file is allocated on disk, for less frequently accessed to disk fragmentation from general use. Linux also
objects in memory, leaving more RAM available to allows to adjust aggressiveness of the kernel when
actively used objects. This scheme suffers from
deciding whether to swap out an application or leave
slow-downs due to disk fragmentation
it on RAM. Windows does not support such
features.

The way default Windows' file system NTFS(New

Technology File System) works causes files to
become fragmented.

Default Linux file systems do not require

defragmenting.

S TA B I L I T Y
Windows

Linux

Windows operating systems based on the

NT kernel are technically much more stable than
some older versions . Installing unsigned or beta
drivers can lead to decreased system stability

There are several indirection levels since all applications are

separated from the graphic subsystem which itself is detached
from the Linux kernel. As a result of that and because most
device drivers are integral part of the Linux kernel, it almost
never crashes. The graphic subsystem can only fail if the
application is using it in undocumented ways. Even in that case,
it can be easily restarted without system reboot.

Downtime

Reboots are usually required after major system and

driver updates.

Reboots are usually required after system and driver

updates.

Recovery

In modern, versions of Windows, programs that crash If the GUI hangs, on most distributions,
may be forcibly ended through the task manager by
CTRL+ALT+F1 (or <CTRL>+<ALT>+ either <F1>
pressing CTRL+SHIFT+ESC or CTRL+ALT+DEL
to <F6> inclusive) takes the user to the full screen
terminal, where the process can be killed, and the
GUI restored.

General
stability

Accessibility and Usability

Windows

Linux

User Focus Mostly consistent. Inconsistencies appear primarily through back

portssoftware ported from newer operating systems to older
ones. For example, software ported from Vista to XP must follow
the Vista guidelines, those of the newer system (IE7 and Windows
Media Player11 are examples of this)

Interface is usually consistent among the desktop environment

used, which follows its interface guidelines. High grade of
customizability is provided in order to adapt to the needs of the
user. Some inconsistencies may appear when using programs
targeted for different desktop environments.

Consistency User interaction with software is usually consistent between

between versions, releases, and editions, although Windows Vista
versions generated many complaints about unfamiliar and unexpected
changes.

Consistency ranges from high to poor between distributions,

versions, window managers/desktop environments, and programs.
Software is generally highly user-customizable, and the user may
keep the customizations between versions.

Consistency All Microsoft software follows the same guidelines for GUI,
between although not all software developed for Windows by third parties
applications follows these GUI guidelines..

Highly consistent. However, the vast amount of additional

software that comes with a distribution is sourced from elsewhere;
it may not follow the same GUI guidelines or it may cause
inconsistencies different look and feel between programs build.

Customizati By default, Windows only offers customization of size and color Linux offers several user interfaces to choose from. Different
-on
of the graphical elements, and it is typically not possible to change environments and window managers offer various levels of
how the interface reacts to user input.
customizability, ranging from colors and size to user input,
actions, and display.
Accessibility Both Windows and Linux offer accessibility options, such as high contrast displays and larger text/icon size, text to speech and
magnifiers.

SECURITY
Windows

Linux

As of 2009, well over 2 million malware programs target

Windows.

As of 2006, more than 800 pieces Linux malware had been

discovered.

Open vs.
Closed

Claims its platform is more secure because of a comprehensive

approach to security using the Security Development Lifecycle

Claims its platform is more secure because all of its code is

reviewed by so many people that bugs are detected (referred to
as Linus Law).

Response
speed

Critical bug fixes are released only once a month after extensive
programming and testing and certain bugs have been known to
go unpatched for months or even year

Bugs can be fixed and rolled out within a day of being reported
(often within hours), though usually it takes a few weeks before
the patch is available on all distributions.

User
Accounts

In Windows Vista, all logged-in sessions (even for those of

"administrator" users) run with standard user permissions,
preventing malicious programs (and inexperienced users) from
gaining total control of the system. Processes that require
administrator privileges can be run using the User Account
Control framework.

Users typically run as limited accounts, having created both

administrator and at least one user account during installation. In
most Linux distributions, there are commands that will
temporarily grant elevated permissions to processes that need it.
In practice, this can be very dangerous, as any error can lead to
severe damage to the system.

Malware

Market Share
Windows
Estimated Desktop
Usage Share
Server market share

84.07% (w3counter)
87.6%(W3Schools)

Linux
1.71% (w3counter)
4.9% (W3Schools)

73.9% (officially registered)

21.2% (officially registered)

20.36% (actual web servers)

74.29% (actual web servers)

Top 500supercomputer 1.0% (absolute 5)

operating system
family share

91.0% (absolute 455), the 14 fastest

supercomputers run Linux

CONCLUSION