STROKE

Yofani
11-162

Definition

A stroke is the rapid loss of brain

function due to disturbance in the blood
supply to the brain

A stroke is a serious medical condition

that occurs when the blood supply to
part of the brain is cut off.

Classification of stroke
Ischemic (non-hemorrhagic)
->blood supply to part of the brain is decreased, leading to
dysfunction of the brain tissue in that area. There are four
reasons why this might happen:
1.

a)
b)
c)
d)

Thrombosis (obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot

forming locally)
Embolism (obstruction due to an embolus from
elsewhere in the body, see below),
Systemic hypo perfusion (general decrease in blood
supply, e.g., in shock)
Venous thrombosis

Hemorrhagic
->hemorrhagic strokes are the ones which
result from rupture of a blood vessel or
an abnormal vascular structure
. Some hemorrhages develop inside
areas of ischemia ("hemorrhagic
transformation").
2.

The symptoms

Stroke symptoms typically start

suddenly, over seconds to minutes
The symptoms depend on the area of
the brain affected
The more extensive the area of brain
affected, the more functions that are
likely to be lost

Potential effect of stroke :

Paralysis, weakness or numbnes in the
parts of body
Speech and comunication
Memory
Vision loss
Personality

Signs of stroke

Sudden numbness or weakness in one

side of body specifically in the face, arm
or leg
Severe headaches with no known cause
Dizziness, and a loss of balance or
coordniation
Sudden confusion, trouble speaking or
understanding
Trouble seeing in one or both eyes

Assessing a Stroke Victims

Condition

Face : Does one side droop?

Arm : Does one arm drift downward?
Speech : Are the words slurred?
Time : If any answer is yes, time is critical.
Get medical attention immediately !

What is TIA?

TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) or mini

stroke are warning signs that a stroke is
likely
1/3 of people who have a mini stroke will
have a stroke
TIA is a condition where the blood supply
to the brain get temporary disturbance
and can recover spontaneously
The symptoms are same with stroke

TIA Diagnosis
1.
2.
3.

Blood pressure and urine samples

ECG (Electrocardiogram)
CT Scan

Medication
1.
2.
3.
4.

Blood thinner
Anti-Hypertensives
Heart Rate / rythm medication
Lipid lowering medication

Lifestyle changes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Monitor blood pressure

Stop smoking
Get active
Eat a healthy diet
Maintain a healthy weight
Avoid alcohol
Control other disease

Sources :
S. Bickley, Lynn. 2009. BATES Buku Ajar
Pemeriksaan Fisik & Riwayat
Kesehatan. Jakarta : ECG
W. Sudoyo, Aru. 2010. Ilmu Penyakit
Dalam. Jakarta : Interna publishing
http://wikipedia.com
Heart and stroke foundation