Properties of Concrete with

coconut shells as Aggregate

Replacement
110680106027
Shivram Chaudhary
110680106036
Viral Chaudhari
110680106056
Siddharth Rathod

Internal Guide
Priya Patel
(H.O.D civil;
M.I.T. piludara)

CONTENTS
1.Introduction
2.Objectives
3.Continental utilization of coconut shells as
L.W.A
4.Reason for selecting Coconut shell
5.Comparison of properties of coconut shell
with normal coarse aggregate
6.Work done
7.Testing & observations
8.Conclusion & future scope
9.Advantages of the project

INTRODUCTION
Many of the non-decaying waste materials will remain in the
environment for hundreds, perhaps thousands of years.
The non- decaying waste materials cause a waste disposal
crisis, thereby contributing to the environmental problems.
However, the environmental impact can be reduced by making
more sustainable use of this waste.
This is known as the Waste Hierarchy. Its aim is to reduce,
reuse, or recycle waste, the latter being the preferred option of
waste disposal.

Concrete:
Annual production represents one ton for every person on the
planet
It is incredibly versatile, and is used in almost all major
construction project
Aggregate are used in concrete for very specific purposes.
Aggregate typically make up about 60% to75% of the volume of a
concrete mixture
Compared to other comparable building materials, concrete is
less costly to produce and remains extremely affordable

Use of waste in concrete:

Research efforts has been done to match societys need for
safe economic disposal of waste materials.
The use of waste materials save natural resources and
dumping spaces, and helps to maintain a clean environment
not only it is consuming enormous quantities of stone, sand,
and drinking water, but also two billion tons a year of Portland
cement, which releases green-house gases leading to global
warming
Experiments has been conducted for waste materials like rubber
tyre, e-waste, coconut shells, blast furnace slag, waste plastic,
demolished concrete constituents, waste water etc.

Coconut shells waste:

It is an agricultural biodegradable waste found in most of tropical
countries especially in Asia
India manufactures 15,730 million nuts annually, which is next to
Indonesia 16,498 million.
Coconut shells dumped improperly to the environment provide
breeding places for disease vectors such as rats and mosquitoes
It is a light-weight material which is becoming much popular
nowadays because of its easy handling and low dead loads
It is a good alternative to wood and helps to prevent
deforestation and also inexpensive.

Objectives
To study the strength properties of concrete in replacement
of coarse aggregate
For suitable development of structural engineering
To reduce or utilize the waste generated from structures.
To use various waste materials in construction units.
To find the alternative of basic materials which are used in
construction from past many years

ONTINENTAL UTILIZATION OF COCONUT SHELLS AS L.W

However, in Asia the construction industry is yet to utilize the
advantage of LWC in the construction of high rise structures.

Coconut shell are not commonly used in the construction industry

but are often dumped as agricultural wastes.

It was concluded that the coconut shells were more suitable as low
strength-giving lightweight aggregate when used to replace
common coarse aggregate in concrete production especially for M25
grade concrete.

REASON FOR SELECTING COCONUT

SHELLS
Production of Light weight concrete
Producing economic concrete by reducing the cost
of material
Eco-friendly
Recycling and reusing waste effectively. Thus protecting the
environment from possible pollution effect
To introduce a new aggregate in the mix design to lower the
concrete density

Comparison of properties of
coconut shell with normal coarse
aggregate
Description

Coconut shells

Normal coarse
aggregate

Maximum size

20 mm

20 mm

Fineness modulus

6.48

7.25

Specific gravity
Bulk density

1.56
510-600 kg/m3

2.70
1480-1610 kg/m3

Aggregate crushing
value

2.49%

16.60%

23%

0.12%

8.55%

11.01%

Water absorption
Aggregate impact
value

Work done

Selection of type of grade of mix, mix design by an IS Method

Estimating total quantity of concrete required for the whole

project work.
Estimating quantity of cement, fine aggregate, coarse
aggregate, required for the project work.
Testing of properties of cement, fine aggregate, coarse
aggregate
Preparing the normal concrete cubes
Testing those cubes in compression testing machine

 Collection of Aggregate (Coconut Shells)

Reshaping coconut shells in Appropriate from and
size
Treatment of coconut shells for the concrete
designing a cube (Approx.150mm x150mm)
Testing of sample at different proportion of coconut shells
for various strength parameter

RESHAPING COCONUT SHELLS

They are collected from local fields and

sun dried
Then shells are cleared from the fibers and
crushed manually
Then it is washed and allowed to dry
The particle size of the coconut shells
range from 5 to 20 mm.

PROCEDURE BEFORE CASTING

After performing test on different material for the concrete
we will form a concrete mixture of M25
Mix proportion for M25 grade of concrete is 1:1:2 (cement,
fine aggregate, coarse aggregate
Since we are using coconut shell as coarse aggregate, so we
will mix coconut shells as 0% , 25% , 50% , 100%
E.g. if we are making M25 grade concrete by 1 kg of cement,
1 kg of fine aggregate and 2 kg of coarse aggregate. And in
this we are using 10% of coconut shells as an coarse
aggregate then we will mix 1800 gm. of coarse aggregate
and 200 gm. of coconut shells

TESTING &
OBSERVATIONS
The average crushing strength

Results analysis
%
Replacement
Aggregate

Trial
no

Load(KN)

Compressive
Strength(Mpa)

513

25.80

531

24.60

576

25.60

548

24.35

490

21.78

489

21.74

365

16.22

330

14.80

310

13.78

105

4.67

130

5.78

25

50

100

Average
Compressiv
e
Strength(M
pa)
25.33

22.62

14.93

5.48

CHECK FOR THE ECONOMY OF

THE PROJECT
The cost of the concrete block cast using
coconut shells will be compared with that of
normally cast block to check for the economy
of the project

A comparison Between THE COST OF

MATERIAL USED Will be done

Cost Efficiency
% Replacement
Of coarse
Aggregate

Cost of components in concrete 1 m3 volume in

KN

%
Cost of
Reducti
1m3
0n
Concrete
In cost
(INR)

Cement

Fine aggregate

Coarse
Aggregate
(normal)

Coarse
Aggregate
(coconut shell)

2142.00

1713.60

835.70

0.00

4691.30

25

2142.00

1713.60

626.84

0.00

4482.44

4.45

50

2142.00

1713.60

418.08

0.00

4273.68

8.90

100

2142.00

1713.60

0.00

0.00

3855.60

17.81

ADVANTAGES OF THE PROJECT

It increases the speed of construction

It promotes green construction
It will decrease the cost of construction
There is no need of treating coconut shells before usage
except for water absorption
It will help to produce light weight concrete

Conclusion & future

scope
using the coconut shell as aggregate in concrete can reduce the
material cost in construction because of the low cost and
abundant agricultural waste.
Coconut Shell Concrete can be used in rural areas and places
where coconut is abundant and may also be used where the
conventional aggregates are costly.
Coconut shell concrete is also classified as structural lightweight
concrete.
It is concluded that the Coconut Shells are more suitable as low
strength-giving lightweight aggregate when used to replace
common coarse aggregate in concrete production

LITERATURE REVIEW
J.P RIES STUDIED THAT LIGHT WEIGHT
AGGREGATE :-Plays an important role in todays move towards
sustainable concrete.

AMARNATH YERMALLA (2012 ):- studied that

strength of coconut shell replacement and studied the
transport properties with coconut shells as coarse aggregate
replacement.
VISHWAS P, KULKARNI (2013):- studied that
aggregate provide volume at low cost comprising 66% to 78%
of concrete.

Thank you