TITRIMETRIC METHODS OF

ANALYSIS

BASICS OF ANALYTICAL
CHEMISTRY
PROF.DR.ENDANG ASIJATI M.Sc.

Titrimetric Methods
Includes a group of analytical
methods that are based upon
determining the quantity of a
reagent of unknown strength that is
required to react completely with the
analyte.

Titrimetric Methods
Volumetric titrimetry
A type of titrimetry in which the standard
reagent is measured volumetrically.

Gravimetric titrimetri
A type of titrimetry in which the mass of
the standard reagent is measured.

Coulometric titrimetry
A type in which the quantity of charge in
coulombs required to complete a reaction
with the analyte is maesured.

Titration?
A process in which a standard reagent
is added to a solution of an analyte until
the reaction between the analyte and
the reagent is judge to be complete.
Back-titration
A process in which the excess of a standard
solution used to react with an analyte is
determined by titration with a second
standard solution.

Equivalence and end Points

Equivalence point
Related to the amount (mol/mek)

End point
Related to the physical sign that
associate with the condition of chemical
equivalence.
The end point is express in range, the
range should address to the equivalence
point.

Standard?
Standard Solution
A primary standard
A secondary standard

Standardization
A process in which concentration of a
volumetric solution is determined by
using it to titrate a known mass of a
primary standard.

PRIMARY STANDARD

HIGH PURITY
ATMOSPHERIC STABILITY
INDEPENDENT OF HUMIDITY
MODEST COST
LARGE MOLAR MASS

ALGEBRAIC RELATIONSHIP
AT THE EQUIVALENCE POINT
Equivalent A = Equivalent B
Mol A = Mol B (if the reaction is 1:1)

TITRATION CURVES FOR WEAK

ACIDS
At the beginning, the solution contains only a
weak acid or a weak base, and the pH is
calculated from the concentration of that and
its dissociation constant.
After various increment of titrant have been
added, the solution consists of a series of
buffers. The pH of each buffer can be
calculated from the analytical concentration
of the conjugate base or acid and the residual
concentration of the weak acid or base.

TITRATION CURVES FOR WEAK

ACIDS
At equivalence point, the solution contains
only the conjugate of the weak acid or base
being titrated, and the pH is calculated
from the concentration of this product
Beyond the equivalence point, the excess
of strong acid or base titrate represses the
acidic or basic character of the reaction
product to such an extent that the pH is
governed largely by the concentration of
the excess titrant.