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MARINE
B I O LO G I C A L
DIVERSITY
B. DESTRUCTIVE AND
ILLEGAL FISHING
This classification covers those fishing gears and
devices that effect capture by causing a change
in the immediate environment of the target
catch.
This means that there exists first a transmission
of contact or application from gear to
environment, and them to the living organisms.
ELECTROFISHING
Electrofishing or Electric fishing
method where fish is narcotized or
stupefied with electricity. In Electrofishing,
an actual primary device that can be
considered a valid fishing gear is
employed.
Evasion (avoiding)
Electronarcosis (muscle relaxation or
stunning)
Electrotaxis (forced swimming)
Electrotetenus (muscle contraction)
Death
BLAST FISHING
Blast fishing is a type of fishing which
induces mechanical narcosis or stupefying
through the use of explosives, most known
of which is dynamite. Likewise, very
popular is the use of fertilizers and other
oxidizing chemical that are highly
accessible.
POISON/CYANIDE
FISHING
The use of poisons and noxious substances
achieves narcosis of fish chemically. This
type of narcosis, like mechanical narcosis
instigated by blast fishing and several
hand instrument like Spears and Harpoons,
cause fish to be killed, disabled or
stupefied.
Poison/Cyani
de Fishing
MURO-AMI
Muro-ami is a type of drive in net fishing
technique whereby a line of fishermen in
the water use scare lines (typically a line
with pieces of sheet or plastic tied off at
regular intervals, with weight on the end)
to drive fish down a reef towards a bag net.
Muro-ami is now
banned in the
Philippines
because of its
dangerous actions.
BOTTOM TRAWLING
Bottom trawling is the fishing practice of
dragging large nets weighted with chains,
roller or rock-hopper gear across the
seafloor to catch ground fish species such
as rockfish, cod, and sole.
Inshore lay
gillnets are
banned in all
states in the
United States
except Hawaii.
POLLUTION
NOISE POLLUTION
Noise pollution is rarely mentioned as a
risk to biodiversity, yet it is persuasive
throughout the oceans. Seabird
researchers have long known that noise
from aircraft overflights can disrupt
colonies, causing parents to abandon their
eggs or chicks, thereby exposing them to
the elements and predators such as gulls.
CHEMICAL POLLUTION
Some of the wastes that enter the sea are
harmful to life processes because they are
toxic or radioactive. Others are nutrients
that stimulate the growth of some kinds of
living things at the expense of others.
RED TIDE
Harmful algae are microscopic, singlecelled plants that live in the sea. Most
species of algae or phytoplankton are not
harmful and serve as the energy producers
at the base of food web, without which
higher life on this planet would not exist.
ROOT
CAUSES