MENG 1010: STATICS AND

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
COURSE
INTRODUCTION

Details of Lecturer

Course Lecturer: Professor E.I. Ekwue

Room Number: Room 218, Mech & Manuf.
Engg Dept.
Email: Edwin.Ekwue@sta.uwi.edu
Tel. No. : 662 2002 Extension 82072
Office Hours: To be advised

LEARNING OUTCOMES

On completion of this course, students should

be able to:
Apply the basic principles of statics and
equilibrium analysis towards solving problems
of concurrent forces in two and three
dimensions. (Chapter 1)
Draw equilibrium free body diagrams of rigid
bodies as well as determine the moment of a
force about a point or axis and find the reaction
of forces at the supports of rigid bodies and
mechanical systems (Chapters 2 & 3)

LEARNING OUTCOMES CONTINUED

Determine centroids, centre of gravity and moment of

inertia of a body, and analyze simple problems involving
distributed loads (Chapter 4)
Determine the forces acting on the elements of frames and
trusses and analyze friction (Chapter 5)
Calculate stress and strain as well as the elastic
deformation of structural members due to loads and
thermal stresses (Chapter 6)
Compute and draw shear and bending moment diagrams as
well as compute bending stress on beams subjected to
concentrated and/or distributed loads (Chapter 7)

LEARNING OUTCOMES CONTINUED

Compute principal stresses and use Mohrs circle to solve

problems (Chapter 8)
Calculate the torsional shear stress and deflection of beams
as well as design simple beams (Chapters 9 & 10)

Course Calendar
Week

Topics

Chapter 1: Review of Statics: Vector representation of a force, resultant of forces, equilibrium of a particle in two and three
dimensions.

Chapter 2: Review of Statics: Vector representation of a moment, equivalent force systems, couples, external reactions, concepts
of a free body diagram.

3&4

Chapter 6: Axial loading: deformation of a member under axial load, Properties of Materials: tension, compression, hardness and
impact tests. Problems involving temperature changes, multi-force axial loading and generalized Hookes law.

Chapter 3: Equilibrium of a rigid body in two and three dimensions

Chapter 4: Centres of gravity and mass, distributed loads on structural members, moments of inertia parallel axis theorem.

Chapter 5: Analysis of trusses, frames and machines, using the method of joints and the method of sections.
friction, inclined planes, friction in practical engineering systems.

8&9

Chapter 7: Shear force and Bending Moment in Beams; relationships between loads, shear forces and bending moment ; shear
force and bending moment diagrams; Bending stresses in beams, bending of beams of two materials.

10

Chapter 8: Analysis of stresses in two dimensions, Principal stresses, Mohr circle.

11

Chapter 9: Torsion of circular cross-sections. Design of circular shafts.

12

Chapter 10: Deflection of beams simple cases. Direct integration and moment-area method. Design of beams.

13

General revision

Introduction of

Teaching Strategies

The course will be taught via

Lectures, Tutorials, and Practical
Sessions, the tutorials being
designed to complement and
enhance both the lectures and the
students appreciation of the subject.
Course work assignments will be
given after every chapter.

Tutorial Calendar
Week

Topics

CHAPTER ONE: STATICS OF PARTICLES: 2.39, 41, 42, 87, 89, 95, 96, 104, 105, 111, 125

CHAPTER TWO: RIGID BODIES: 3.1, 21, 24, 25, 37, 70, 72, 79, 80, 85

4&5

CHAPTER SIX: STRESS AND STRAIN RELATIONS:

Week 4 : Numbers 1, 2, 9, 10, 11, 12

Week 5: 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.

CHAPTER THREE: EQUILIBRIUM OF RIGID BODIES: 4.1, 2, 3, 4, 17, 19, 69, 70, 82, 96, 98.

CHAPTERS FOUR: CENTROIDS AND CENTRES OF GRAVITY, MOMENTS OF INERTIA

5.2, 4, 5, 13, 31, 32, 38, 40, 64, 65, 73,74

9.1, 3, 10, 13, 31, 43, 44

CHAPTER FIVE: ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURES: 6.2, 3, 10, 15, 42, 48, 77, 88, 92, 106, 124, 139, 163.

CHAPTER SEVEN: BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCES IN BEAMS: Shear Force and Bending Moment
Diagrams. Question numbers 7.33 to 7.76, 15 to 19.

10

CHAPTER SEVEN: BENDING MOMENT AND SHEAR FORCES IN BEAMS:

numbers 20 to 23.

11.

CHAPTER EIGHT: COMPLEX STRESSES: Question Numbers 24 to 27.

12.

CHAPTER NINE: TORSION OF CIRCULAR SECTIONS: Question Numbers 28 to 33.

Stresses in Beams:

Question

Course Textbooks

F.P. Beer, E.R. Johnston and E.R. Eisenberg

(2007). Vector Mechanics For Engineers STATICS , 7th or latest S.I. Metric Units,
McGraw-Hill.

Hearne, E.J. (1997). Mechanics of Materials 1,

3rd or latest edition Butterworth, Heinemann.
https://books.google.tt/books?id=7eKu5Kh0dHcC&
printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_ge_summary_r&ca
d=0#v=onepage&q&f=false

Course Class Notes and Other Resources

Comprehensive Class Notes: Notes can be

downloaded from:

Myelearning: (
http://myelearning.sta.uwi.edu/login/index.php)

Other Resources: Tutorial questions, Tutorial

assignments, samples of past question papers
and solutions, module quizzes, and other
relevant course materials can be obtained from
myelearning website above

The purpose of the assessment is to ensure that the

students have met the learning outcomes of the
majority of the course. Assessment will be by practical
Course
Assessment
report,
semester
tests, assignments and final written
exams. Specifically, the assessments will consist of:
Test 1 counting for 10% of the marks (Chaps 1 to 6)
Test 2 counting for 10% of the marks (Chaps 7 to 10)
Course Chapter Assignments for 10% of the marks
Two (2) practical reports counting for 10% of the marks
One (1) end-of-semester examination, 3 hours duration
counting for 60% of the total course marks.

MECHANICS

Body of Knowledge which

Deals with the Study and
Prediction of the State of Rest
or Motion of Particles and
Bodies under the action of
Forces

PARTS OF MECHANICS
MECHANICS

Mechanics of Rigid
bodies

Statics

Dynamics

Mechanics of Deformable
bodies

Studied in Mechanics of
Materials or Strength of
Materials

Engineering Fluid Mechanics

Incompressible
Fluids
(Hydraulics)

Further Courses
1. Strength of Materials 1
2. Strength of Materials 2
3.Advanced Mechanics of Solids

Compressible
Fluids (gases)

STATICS AND STRENGTH OF

MATERIALS

Statics Deals With the Equilibrium of Bodies,

that Is those that are either at Rest or Move
With a Constant Velocity.
Dynamics is Concerned with the Accelerated
Motion of Bodies and will be Dealt in the Next
Semester.
Strength of Materials deals with the analysis
of the effect of forces in terms of stresses and
strains, shearing, deflection, bending and
twisting. It also deals with properties of
materials that enable them resist such forces.

MENG 1010: STATICS AND

STRENGTH OF MATERIALS
CHAPTER ONE:
STATICS OF PARTICLES

1.1 PARTICLE
A particle has a mass but a size that
can be neglected.
When a body is idealised as a particle,
the principles of mechanics reduce to a
simplified form, since the geometry of
the body will not be concerned in the
analysis of the problem.

PARTICLE CONTINUED

All the forces acting on a

body will be assumed to be
applied at the same point,
that is the forces are
assumed concurrent.

1.2 FORCE ON A PARTICLE

A Force is a Vector quantity and must

have Magnitude, Direction and Point of
action.
F

Force on a Particle Contd.

Note: Point P is the point of action of

force and and
are directions. To
notify that F is a vector, it is printed in
bold as in the text book.
Its magnitude is denoted as |F| or
simply F.

Force on a Particle Contd.

There can be many forces acting on a

particle.

The resultant of a system of forces

on a particle is the single force
which has the same effect as the
system of forces. The resultant of
two forces can be found using the
paralleolegram law.

1.3.VECTOR OPERATIONS

1.3.1 EQUAL VECTORS

Two vectors are equal if they are equal
in magnitude and act in the same
direction.
pP
Q

Equal Vectors Contd.

Forces equal in Magnitude can act in

opposite Directions
R

1.3.2

Vector Addition

Using

the Paralleologram Law, Construct a

Parm. with two Forces as Parts. The
resultant of the forces is the diagonal.
P

Vector Addition Contd.

Triangle Rule: Draw the first Vector. Join

the tail of the Second to the head of the
First and then join the head of the third to
the tail of the first force to get the resultant
force, R

R=Q+P
Q

Triangle Rule Contd.

Also:

Q
P
R = P+ Q
Q + P = P + Q. This is the cummutative law of
vector addition

Polygon Rule

Can be used for the addition of more

than two vectors. Two vectors are
actually summed and added to the
third.

Polygon Rule contd.

S

Q
P

S
Q
R

(P + Q)
P
R = P+ Q + S

Polygon Rule Contd.

P + Q = (P + Q) . Triangle Rule
i.e. P + Q + S = (P + Q) + S = R
The method of drawing the vectors is
immaterial . The following method can
be used.

Polygon Rule contd.

S

Q
P

S
Q
R

(Q + S)
P
R = P+ Q + S

Polygon Rule Concluded

Q + S = (Q + S) . Triangle Rule
P + Q + S = P + (Q + S) = R
i.e. P + Q + S = (P + Q) + S = P + (Q + S)
This is the associative Law of Vector
Addition

1.3.3. Vector Subtraction

P

P - Q

= P + (- Q)
Q

P -Q

Q
P

-Q
Parm. Rule

P- Q
Triangle Rule

1.4 RECTANGULAR
COMPONENTS
OF FORCE
y
Fy = Fy j

Fx = Fx i

RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS
OF FORCE CONTD.

In many problems, it is desirable to resolve force F

into two perpendicular components in the x and y
directions.
Fx and Fy are called rectangular vector
components.
In two-dimensions, the cartesian unit vectors i and j
are used to designate the directions of x and y axes.
Fx = Fx i and Fy = Fy j
i.e. F = Fx i + Fy j
Fx and Fy are scalar components of F

RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS
OF FORCE CONTD.
While the scalars, Fx and Fy may be positive or negative, depending on the sense of Fx
and Fy, their absolute values are respectively equal to the magnitudes of the component
forces Fx and Fy,
Scalar components of F have magnitudes:
Fx = F cos

and Fy = F sin

F is the magnitude of force F.

Example

Determine the resultant of the three

forces below.
600 N

y
800 N
350 N
60o

45o
25o
x

Solution
F x = 350 cos 25o + 800 cos 70o - 600 cos 60o
= 317.2 + 273.6 - 300 = 290.8 N
F y = 350 sin 25 o + 800 sin 70o + 600 sin 60o
= 147.9 + 751 + 519.6 = 1419.3 N

i.e. F = 290.8 N i + 1419.3 N j

Resultant, F

600 N

F 290.82 1419.32 1449 N

1419.3
tan 1
78.4 0
290.8
F = 1449 N

800 N

78.4 o

350 N
60

45o

25o

Example

A hoist trolley is subjected to the three forces

shown. Knowing that = 40o , determine

(a)
the magnitude of force, P for which the
resultant of the three forces is vertical (b) the
corresponding magnitude of the resultant.

2000 N

1000 N

Solution
(a) The resultant being vertical means that the
horizontal component is zero.
F x = 1000 sin 40o + P - 2000 cos 40o = 0
P = 2000 cos 40o - 1000 sin 40o =
1532.1 - 642.8 = 889.3 = 889 kN
(b)

Fy

= - 2000 sin 40o - 1000 cos 40o =

- 1285.6 - 766 = - 2052 N =

40o
2000 N

2052 N

40o
1000 N

1.5. EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE

A particle is said to be at equilibrium when the resultant of all the forces acting on it is
zero. It two forces are involved on a body in equilibrium, then the forces are equal and
opposite.
..

150 N

150 N

If there are three forces, when resolving, the triangle of forces will close, if they are in
equilibrium.
F2

F1

F2
F3
F1

F3

EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE
CONTD.
If there are more than three forces, the polygon of forces will be closed if the particle is
in equilibrium.
F3
F2
F3

F2
F1

F4
F1

F4
The closed polygon provides a graphical expression of the equilibrium of forces.
Mathematically: For equilibrium:
R = F = 0
i.e. ( Fx i + Fy j) = 0 or (Fx) i + (Fy) j

EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE
CONCLUDED

For equilibrium:
Fx = 0 and
F y = 0.
Note: Considering Newtons first law
of motion, equilibrium can mean that
the particle is either at rest or moving in
a straight line at constant speed.

Example:

1.6 RECTANGULAR COMPONENTS

OF FORCE (REVISITED)
y
F = Fx + Fy
F = |Fx| . i + |Fy| . j

Fy = Fy j
j

|F|2 = |Fx|2 + |Fy|2

| F|

Fx = Fx i

| Fx|2

| Fy |2

1.7 Forces in Space

Rectangular Components
j
Fy

Fx
k

Fz

Rectangular Components of a Force

in Space
F = Fx + Fy + Fz
F = |Fx| . i +

|Fy| . j + |Fz| . k

|F|2 = |Fx|2 + |Fy|2 + |Fz|2

| F|

| Fx|2

| Fx| | F | cos x

| Fy|2

| Fz|2

| Fy| | F | cos y

| Fz| | F |cos z

Cos x , Cos y and Cos z are called direction cos ines of

angles x , y and z

Forces in Space Contd.

i.e.

F = F ( cos x i + cos y j +

cos z k) = F

F can therefore be expressed as the product of scalar, F

and the unit vector where: = cos x i + cos y j +

cos z k.

is a unit vector of magnitude 1 and of the same direction as F.

is a unit vector along the line of action of F.

Forces in Space Contd.

Also:
x = cos x,

y = cos y

and

z = cos z - Scalar vectors

i.e. magnitudes.
x2 +
i.e.

y2 + z2 = 1 = 2
cos2 x,

+ cos2 y

+ cos2 z

= 1

Note: If components, Fx, Fy, and Fz of a Force, F are known,

the magnitude of F,

F = Fx2 + Fy2 + Fz2

Direction cosines are: cos x = Fx/F ,

cos y = Fy/F and

cos2 z = Fz/F

Force Defined by Magnitude and two Points

on its Line of Action Contd.

1.8.3 Addition of Concurrent Forces

in Space
The resultant, R of two or more forces in space is obtained by
summing their rectangular components i.e.
R = F
i.e. Rx i + Ry j + Rz k = ( Fx i + Fy j + Fz k )
= ( Fx) i + ( Fy)j + ( Fz )k
R x = Fx,

Ry = Fy ,

Rz = Fz

R = Rx2 + Ry2 + Rz2

cos x = Rx/R

cos y = Ry/R

cos z = Rz/R

Example

A rectangular plate is supported by three cables as shown.

Knowing that the tension in cable AD is 429N, determine the
components of the force exerted on the plate at D.

Position Vector, DA = (- 250i + 480j + 360 k ) mm

Solution

1.9 EQUILIBRIUM OF A PARTICLE

IN SPACE

For equilibrium:
Fx = 0, Fy = 0 and Fz =
0.
The equations may be used to
solve problems dealing with the
equilibrium of a particle involving
no more than three unknowns.