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THE

PROBLEM
AND
ITS SCOPE
EDFD 250

The Problem and Its


Scope
Includes the following:
1. Rationale
2. Theoretical Background
Related Theory
Related Legal Basis
Related Literature and Studies
3. Conceptual Framework
4. Statement of the Problem
5. Statement of the Null Hypotheses
6. Significance of the Study
7. Scope and Delimitation of the Study
8. Definition of Terms

Rationale
(Introduction)

Rationale/Introducti
on
statements that justify your
reasons for a particular
proposal/research
presentation of
scenarios/issues
Global
National
Local

*Guidelines*
1. Presentation of the Problem
what the problem is all about
you can start with:
"There has been a contending issue on the
performance of students..."
"Mathematics education has long been
recognized as one of the most important
factors in the development distinguished by
all countries..."
"There
is no other period in world histroy when
english has been making its greatest impact
upon humankind than it is today..."

*Guidelines*
2. The existing of unsatisfactory condition a felt problem
that needs solution

Example:
"Teaching English in high schools has been
observed to be weak as shown by the results
of the survey tests..."

Can also be:

"Different strategies/opinions have been made


to make the performance of students better...
or different issues..."

*Guidelines*
NOTE:
To make the rationale more
comprehensive,
present conflicting
studies/ideas/opinions/etc. - both
positive and negative
(most improtant ones)
what is the ideal vs. the actual
scenario

*Guidelines*
3. Rationale of the Study
The reason/s why it is
necessary to conduct the
study
You
can say:
"One of the thrust of DepEd is to strengthen
the teaching of science. It is necessary to
conduct this inquiry to find out how to
strengthen the instruction of science in the
nation/region/province/city..."

*Guidelines*
4. Historical Background of the Problem

You can say:


"Since the arrival/invasion of Americans in the
Philippines, they influenced the Filipinos.
Specifically, english has been used as the
medium of instructions in schools..."
"Since the sending into space by Russia of the
first satellite that orbited the earth,
educational systems all over the world
including that of the Philippines have been
trying hard to improve their science curricula
and instructions..."

*Guidelines*
5. A desire to have a deeper and
clearer understanding of a situation,
circumstance, or phenomenon

The researcher must explain


his/her earnest desire to have a
deeper and clearer understanding
of the situation

*Guidelines*
6. A desire to find a better way of doing
something or of improving a product

"...to find a better way of teaching


English in high school/college..."

*Guidelines*
7. A desire to discover something

"... the desire to discover what is


wrong with the instruction...and a
desire to discover better ways of
teaching the subject..."

*Guidelines*
8. Geographical conditions of
the study locale
necessary in athropological
and economic studies
if the subject of investigation is
rice production, then the terrain,
soil, climate, rainfall, etc. of the
study locale have to be described.

*Guidelines*
9. A link between the introduction
and the statement of the problem

a sentence or two should show


the link between the
introduction and the conduct
ofresearcher
the research
"The
got very much interested in
determining the status of teaching english in the
high schools of (school) and so he/she conducted
this research..."

Theoretical
Background

a) Related Theories
present the different theories
from education/behavioral
theorists in which, the study
"This
study is anchored
is achored
on. on theory#1 and

theory#2..."
"This study is anchored on Social Learning Theory
by Bandura which stated that modeling is very
important in the learning process..."
"This study is also anchored on the Theory of
Connectionism by Edward Thorndike which
stated that the result in the association between
the stimuli and response is learning..."

b) Related Legal Basis


if there is a legal
memorandum that may
support
your
studyMemorandum No.
"The
Department
of Education

392, series of 2010 prohibited the teachers from


giving homework to students on weekends. This
is to answer the complains from the parents that
students were given too much homework that
they will not have quality time with the family..."
(explain further...)

c) Related Literature
and Studies
all the necessary citations that
are related and can support
your study
group the citations
combine all the literatures
combine all the studies

*Characteristics of the
Materials Cited*
1.The materials must be as
recent as possible
This is important because of the rapid
social, political, scientific, and
technological
changes.
The
findings 15
years ago may have

little value today (unless the study is a


comparative inquiry about the past
and the present)

*Characteristics of the
Materials Cited*
2.The materials must be as
objective and unbiased as
possible
some materials are extremely one sided,
either politically or religiously biased

This should be avoided

*Characteristics of the
Materials Cited*
3.The materials must be as
relevant to the study
Only materials that have similarity to
or bearing on the problem
researched on, should be cite.

*Characteristics of the
Materials Cited*
4.The materials must not be
too few but not too many
they must be sufficient enough to give
the researcher insight into his problem
Ordinarily,
from 15 to 25 may do for a master's
thesis, and

from 20 and above for a doctoral


dissertation

*RRL and RRS*


NOTE:
End your RRL and RRS with a
paragraph which is an introduction to
your "Theoretical and Conceptual
Framework" which will follow in the
next page
Example:
"Based on the aforementioned theory, legal basis,
related literature and studies, the conceptual
framework in schematic diagram is hereby
presented in the next page..."

Theoretical and
Conceptual
Framework

S
A
M
P
L
E

(For UP
MEd)

S
A
M
P
L
E

(For UP
MEd)

*T and C Framework*
NOTE:

Compose 1 or 2
paragraph to summarize
the entire study by
describing the
Theoretical and
Conceptual Framework

Statement of
the Problem

*Statement of the
Problem*

This is where you are going to


write your proposed Statement
of the Problem
Reminder:
there should be a general statement
of the whole problem
followed by the specific questions or
subproblems

Statement of
Null
Hypotheses

*Null Hypotheses*
Historical and Descriptive
investigations do not need
explicit hypotheses
Only experimental studies

Significance of
the Study

*Significance of the
Study*

Guidance in explaining the importance of


study of the whole study must
the
Importance
contain explanations or discussions of any
or all of the following:
rationale/timeliness/
relevance of the study
possible solutions to
existing problems or
improvement to
Who
unsatisfactory
conditions
are to be benefitted
and how they are going
to be benefitted

possible contribution
to the fund of
knowledge
possible
implications

*Significance of the
Study*

Example

"This study aimed to show the effects of homework


in the academic performance of the students.
This study aimed to help the following:
Administrator. This could help them decide
whether to implement a (certain policy of
improvement) ...
Teachers. ...
Students. ...
Parents. ..."
(explain furthere and improve...)

Scope and
Delimitations of
the Study

*Scope and
Delimitations*

should include the following:


1. a brief statement of the general
purpose of the study
2. the subject matter and topics studied
and discussed

3. the locale of the study, where the data


were gathered or the entity to which the
belong
4.data
the population
or universe from which
the respondents were selected.
5. The period of the study (months or

Definitions of
Terms

*Definition of Terms*
Guidelines:
1. only terms, words, or phrases which have
special or unique meanings in the study are
2. defined
terms should be defined operationally, that is,
how they are used in the study
3. the researcher may develop his/her own
definition
4.definitions may be taken from encyclopedias,
dictionaries, books, etc. but acknowledge the
source
5.definitions
should be as brief, clear, and
unequivocal as possible
6.acronyms should always be spelled out fully
especially if it is not commonly known or if it is

Thank
you

hazelavergonzadotrapero2015

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