TOPIC 3:

EMOTIONAL
DISTURBANCES AMONG
CHILDREN
NUR HAWA
ATIQAH JAAFAR
ANIS WARDAH
FATIN AFYQAH
NORFADZILAH
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TABLE OF CONTENT
1. What is emotional disturbance?
2. Important Terms
3. Emotional disturbances among
students
4. Signs of emotional disturbances
among students
5. Causes of emotional disturbances
6. Steps to overcome emotional
disturbances of students
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Withdrawal

Hyperactive

Aggressive
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WHAT IS EMOTIONAL
DISTURBANCE?
a condition exhibiting one or more of the following
characteristics over a long period of time and to a
marked degree that affects a childs educational
performance:
1. An inability to learn that cannot be explained by
intellectual, sensory, or health factors.
2. An inability to build or maintain satisfactory
interpersonal relationships with peers and teachers.
3. Inappropriate types of behaviour or feelings under
normal circumstance.
4. A general pervasive mood of unhappiness or
depression.
4 2016)
(Council for Children with Behavioural Disorder,

IMPORTANT TERMS
Emotionally disturbed--term now
used in Individuals with Disabilities
Education Act (1997)
Behaviorally Disordered--term used
by Council for Children with
Behavioral Disorders, focuses
attention on observable aspects of
the children
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EMOTIONAL
DISTURBANCE AMONG
STUDENTS

 Emotional
disturbance
also
includes
schizophrenia but does not apply to children
who are socially maladjusted, unless it is
determined that they have an emotional
disturbance.
Schizophrenia :
A chronic and severe mental disorder that
affects how a person thinks, feels, and
behaves. People with schizophrenia may
seem like they have lost touch with reality.
Although schizophrenia is not as common as
other mental disorders, the symptoms can be
very disabling.
E.g : Delusional, hallucinate, thought disorder
(dysfunctional/unique ways of thinking)
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HOW EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCES

AFFECT STUDENTS
Emotion
al

Physical

Emotional
disturban
ces

Social

Cognitiv
e

They are medical conditions that disrupt a persons thinking,

feeling, mood, ability to relate to others and daily functioning
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CHARACTERISTICS OF STUDENTS WITH

EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCES
- Hyperactivity (short attention span, impulsiveness)
- Aggression or self-injurious behaviour (acting out,
fighting)
- Withdrawal (not interacting socially with others,
excessive fear or anxiety)
- Immaturity (inappropriate crying, temper tantrums,
poor coping skills)
- Learning difficulties (academically performing below
grade level)
- Abnormal mood swings

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EMOTIONAL
DISTURBANCE
AMONG STUDENTS

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13

CHANGES IN BEHAVIOR

DEPRESSED

ANXIETY
FEAR

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SYMPTOMS

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EMOTIONAL
DISTURBANCE
AMONG CHILDREN

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ANXIETY DISORDER
For many people, including children,
anxiety can be excessive, persistent,
seemingly uncontrollable, and
overwhelming. An irrational fear of
everyday situations may be
involved.
This high level of anxiety is a
definite warning sign that a
person may have an anxiety
disorder.
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ANXIETY DISORDER
According to the Anxiety Disorders
Association of America, anxiety
disorders are the most common
psychiatric illnesses affecting
children and adults.
They are also highly treatable.
Unfortunately, only about 1/3 of
those affected receive treatment.

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ANXIETY DISORDER
Examples of anxiety disorder:
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD),
- a disorder in which the sufferer feels in a constant state of high
anxiety and is often known as chronic worrying or a free floating
anxiety condition.
obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD),
- a common, chronic and long-lasting disorder in which a person has
uncontrollable, reoccurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors
(compulsions) that he or she feels the urge to repeat over and over.
panic disorder,
-

a serious condition that strikes without reason or warning

symptoms of panic disorder include sudden attacks of fear and
nervousness, as well as physical symptoms such as sweating and a
racing heart.
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ANXIETY DISORDER
posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),
- a disorder that develops in some people who
have experienced a shocking, scary, or
dangerous event.
social anxiety disorder (also called social
phobia),
- ananxiety disorder in which a person has an
excessive and unreasonable fear of social
situations. Anxiety (intense nervousness) and
self-consciousness arise from a fear of being
closely watched, judged, and criticized by
others.
specific phobias
-

aspecific phobiais any kind ofanxiety

disorderthat amounts to an unreasonable or

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BIPOLAR DISORDER
Also known as manicdepressive illness, bipolar
disorder is a serious medical
condition that causes dramatic
mood swings from overly
high and/or irritable to sad
and hopeless, and then back
again, often with periods of
normal mood in between.
Severe changes in energy and
behavior go along with these
changes in mood.

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Bipolar Disorder
People with bipolar disorder,
these mood swings and
related symptoms can be
stabilized over time using an
approach that combines
medication and
psychosocial treatment.

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CONDUCT DISORDER
Conduct disorder refers to a
group of behavioral and
emotional problems in
youngsters.
Children and adolescents with
this disorder have great difficulty
following rules and behaving in
a socially acceptable way.
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CONDUCT DISORDER
This may include some of the
following behaviors:
aggression to people and
animals;
destruction of property;
deceitfulness, lying, or
stealing; or
truancy or other serious
violations of rules.
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CONDUCT DISORDER
Although conduct disorder is one of the
most difficult behavior disorders to
treat, young people often benefit from a
range of services that include:
training for parents on how to handle
child or adolescent behavior;
family therapy;
training in problem solving skills for
children or adolescents
community-based services that focus
on the young person within the context
of family and community influences.

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EATING DISORDERS
There is a commonly held view that
eating disorders are a lifestyle choice.
Eating disorders are actually serious and
often fatal illnesses that cause severe
disturbances to a persons eating
behaviors. Obsessions with food, body
weight, and shape may also signal an
eating disorder.
Common eating disorders include
anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and
binge-eating disorder.
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EATING DISORDERS
Anorexia nervosa and bulimia
nervosa are the two most common
types of eating disorders.
Anorexia nervosa is characterized by
self-starvation and dramatic loss of
weight.
Bulimia nervosa involves a cycle of
binge eating, then self-induced vomiting
or purging. Both of these disorders are
potentially life-threatening.
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EATING DISORDERS
Binge eating is also considered an
eating disorder. Its characterized by
eating excessive amounts of food,
while feeling unable to control how
much or what is eaten. Unlike with
bulimia, people who binge eat
usually do not purge afterward by
vomiting or using laxatives.

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EATING DISORDERS
According to the
National Eating Disorders Association:
The most effective and long-lasting treatment
for an eating disorder is some form of
psychotherapy or counseling, coupled with
careful attention to medical and nutritional
needs. Some medications have been shown
to be helpful. Ideally, whatever treatment is
offered should be tailored to the individual,
and this will vary according to both the
severity of the disorder and the patients
individual problems, needs, and strengths.
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OBSESSIVE-COMPULSORY DISORDERS
(OCD)
OCD is characterized by recurrent,
unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and/or
repetitive behaviors (compulsions).
Repetitive behaviors (handwashing,
counting, checking, or cleaning) are often
performed with the hope of preventing
obsessive thoughts or making them go
away. Performing these so-called
rituals, however, provides only
temporary relief, and not performing
them markedly increases anxiety.
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OBSESSIVE-COMPULSORY DISORDERS
(OCD)
A large body of scientific evidence
suggests that OCD results from a
chemical imbalance in the brain. (22)
Treatment for most people with OCD
should include one or more of the
following:
therapist trained in behavior therapy;
Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT);
medication (usually an antidepressant).
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PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
Psychotic disorders are a group of
serious illnesses that affect the mind.
They make it hard for someone to
think clearly, make good judgments,
respond emotionally, communicate
effectively, understand reality, and
behave appropriately.
But even severe psychotic disorders
usually can be treated.

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PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
There are different types of psychotic disorders, including:
Schizophrenia : People with this illness have changes in
behavior and other symptoms -- such as delusions and
hallucinations -- that last longer than 6 months. It usually
affects them at work or school, as well as their
relationships.
Schizoaffective disorder: People have symptoms of both
schizophrenia and a mood disorder, such as depression or
bipolar disorder.
Schizophreniform disorder: This includes
symptoms of schizophrenia, but the symptoms last for a
shorter time: between 1 and 6 months.
Brief psychotic disorder: People with this illness have a
sudden, short period of psychotic behavior, often in
response to a very stressful event, such as a death in the
family. Recovery is often quick -- usually less than a month.

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PSYCHOTIC DISORDER
Delusional disorder : The key symptom is having a delusion (a false, fixed belief)
involving real-life situations that could be true but arent, such as being followed,
being plotted against, or having a disease. These delusions last for at least 1
month.
Shared psychotic disorder (also called folie deux): This illness happens
when one person in a relationship has a delusion and the other person in the
relationship adopts it, too.
Substance-induced psychotic disorder: This condition is caused by the use of
or withdrawal from drugs, such as hallucinogens and crack cocaine, that cause
hallucinations, delusions, or confused speech.
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PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS
Psychotic disorder due to another medical
condition: Hallucinations, delusions, or other
symptoms may happen because of another illness that
affects brain function, such as a head injury or
brain tumor.
Paraphrenia: This condition has symptoms similar to
schizophrenia. It starts late in life, when people are
elderly.
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STEPS TO OVERCOME
EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCE
AMONG STUDENTS
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LEARNING AND ACADEMICS

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SOCIALIZATION

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BEHAVIOUR

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AFFECTIVE CHARACTERISTICS

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REFERENCE

http://www.parentcenterhub.org/repository/emotionaldisturbance/#cau
ses
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/eating-disorders/index.shtml
http://www.webmd.com/schizophrenia/guide/mental-health-psychotic-di
sorders
http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/mental-health-social-anxiet
y-disorder
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specific_phobia
http://mentalhealth.com/home/dx/specificphobia.html
http://www.webmd.com/anxiety-panic/guide/mental-health-panic-disord
er
https://www.anxietyuk.org.uk/our-services/anxiety-information/anxiety-d
isorders/generalised-anxiety-disorder-gad/
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/obsessive-compulsive-disorder-o
cd/index.shtml
http://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic-stress-disorder-pt
sd/index.shtml
http://www.helpguide.org/articles/bipolar-disorder/bipolar-disorder-si
gns-and-symptoms.htm
https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000919.htm

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