AIR POLLUTION BY WOOD

DUST
GROUP 4 :
1.
2.
3.
4.

NUR AIN NAZIRAH BINTI MOHD ARSHAD (AN130213)

AHMAD NAJMI BIN AHMAD
NURUL SAZWANA BINTI A.AZIZ (AN130002)
NUR AIN BINTI KHAIRUDDIN (AN130146)

OBJECTIVE
To study the effect of air pollution from wood dust.
To suggest a suitable solution in order to reduce
and control the particle emission from wood based
factory.
To raise awareness of the manufacturer about the
importance of the control of wood dust emission
in their factory.

Air pollution exist in the four

board categories
1.
2.
3.
4.

Ambient air pollution

Indoor air pollution
Occupational air pollution
Personal exposure

TYPES OF AIR POLLUTION

There are six type of air pollution which is

particulate matter, ground-level ozone,
carbon monoxide, sulphur oxides, nitrogen
oxides, and lead.

Classified into primary and secondary

pollutants
primary pollutants are released straight to
the air.
Secondary air pollutants are the ones that
are formed as a result of reactions between
primary pollutants and other elements in
the atmosphere ( Ground Level Ozone)

PARTICULATE MATTER

Particulate matter (PM) is a complex mixture

of extremely small particles and liquid
droplets
Particulate pollutants are particle within size
0.002m to 500m
Particulate air pollutants are highly diverse in
chemical composition and size
Common chemical constituents of PM include
sulphates,
nitrates,
ammonium,
other
inorganic ions
Common example include of rock dust, wood
dust, and fly ash

SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION

Natural sources of air pollution are
organic compound from vegetation
ground dust, salt spray from oceans,
hydrogen sulphides from natural
sources (cosmic dust)
Natural sources of air pollution are
more
to
nature
things
which
contribute particulates and gases to
our air.

EFFECT OF AIR POLLUTION

1. Cause
respiratory
and
problems.
2. Global Warming.
3. Acid Rain
4. Eutrophication
5. Depletion of ozone layer

heart

ALLOWABLE EMISSION BY WOOD DUST

1. In Malaysia, OSHA regulates wood dust as a
nuisance dust and strongly encourages
employers to keep exposures to a minimum
and to adopt the ACGIH levels.
2. The American Conference of Governmental
Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) recognizes wood
dust as a human carcinogen and recommends
a limit of 1 milligram per cubic meter
(mg/m3 ) for hardwoods and 5 mg/m3 for
softwoods.
3. The maximum permissible exposure for
nuisance dust is 15 mg/m3.

We need a solution!
Our solution is by inventing
Bipolar Electrostatic
Agglomeration Cyclone

BIPOLAR ELECTROSTATIC
AGGLOMERATION CYCLONE (BACyc)

Bipolar Electrostatic Agglomeration Process (BEAP)

BEAP is a sub-process of indigo agglomeration
process that is used in Electrostatic Precipitator
(ESP).
It is effectively proven to reduce the fine particle
emission by 90%.
This occurs since BEAP promote the
agglomeration of fine particles to larger particles
thus making it bigger and easy to be collected.

Hurricane Cyclone
1. Hurricane is a customised cyclone that depends
on the type of the particulate emits because
different industrial cases have different needs
resulting in very different cyclones
2. The optimization functions may be minimizing
cost, minimizing space and increase
efficiencies.
3. The Hurricane system are effective to reduce
the particle emission by encouraging particle
agglomeration
Cyclone
Effective
Temperatu
Expected
Expected

diameter

flow rate

re

efficiency

emission

750mm

20640

250C

70%

Not more
than 30%

 Based on its effectiveness in promoting

agglomeration between particles, we adapting
the bipolar agglomeration process and
combining it with a Hurricane system so that the
emission by fine particle can be reduce.
Theoretically, by combining the system, the
emissions of fine particle are expected to be
lower than 10%.

How does it works?

Clean air
Bipolar Electrostatic
Agglomeration Process
Centrifugal forces send
particulate towards the wall
of Hurricane

Dust
flow in

Mixing
As the particle are constrain in
the small diameter of cone,
vortex reversal force occurs and
the clean gas stream flows up in
the center of the Hurricane.

Fine particle
Large
particle
Charged-combine
particle
Vortex reversal force
Centrifugal
forces

Dust
moved into
the
collector

 Bipolar agglomeration process by

charging the dust with positively and
negatively charge.
Mixing process occurs and the particle
forming a cluster.

JUSTIFICATION OF THE PROPOSED METHOD

1. Performance
Can handle a range of temperatures of more than
200C
The construction and operation of a BEAP with
cyclone is simple
BEAP increase the performance of the Cyclone to
collect fine particles by attaching them to larger
particle
They Can ranges from large industrial gas streams to
small workshop environments

2. ECONOMY VALUE
Very good in economy value
They Low in capital cost/Instalation cost
Less moving part make them the low
maintenance require thus avoided investing in
systems demanding high maintenance
Small footprint which means requires
relatively small space on the industrial or
factories site for installation

3.EFFICIENCY

increases the effective at capturing fine

particles (<10m)
Efficiency of fine particles collection
increase with reductions of 70% to over
90% of emission,
helped the industry and factories comply
with increasingly stringent air quality
standards governing particulate
emissions .

4.MAINTAINANCE

Robust devices that have essentially no

moving parts and require very little
maintenance
Less parts which need to be frequently
change or fix
Thus make the cyclone efficient in time of
operation that can operate continuously
with any stop of operation for
maintenance.

COMPARISON BETWEEN BACyc AND

TRADITIONAL CYCLONE SYSTEM
Hurricane + BEAP
Very high
efficiencies:
estimated 90%
Withstand
temperature up to
250C
Moderate
investment costs
Not more than 10%
fine particle
emission.
0 maintenance cost
for Hurricane.

Traditional cyclone
Relatively low PM
collection
efficiencies,
particularly for PM
less than 10.
High usage unit may
result in high
pressure drop

CONCLUSION

In our opinion, this method can be

implemented in real industry process to control
air pollution. Without this system the dust from
the whole industry will freely moves to the
atmosphere and it will cause air pollution in
many aspect for example respiratory and heart
problems to the all living things, global warming
that can increase the temperature of worldwide,
acid rain and others. We hope this system will
be effective to solve particles emission
problems that produce from industry. Based on
the justification and comparison of the existing
air pollution control system, we think that this
method is suitable to solve the problem.

Q&A