AIRCRAFT RULES TO BE

REMEMBERED
SUMIT SENGUPTA

AIRCRAFT RULES, 1937

1.Rules to be remembered
2. Rules Vs CAR

What do you mean by rule ??

A Statement Or An Order
That Says How
Something Must Be Done

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Preliminary
Rule No 1 : Short Title And Extent
They extend to the whole of India and apply also. These rules may be
called the Aircraft Rules, 1937.
(a) to, and to persons on, aircraft registered in India wherever they may be,
except cases falling under sub-rule(4);
(b) to, and to persons on, all aircraft for the time being in or over India :

Rule No 2 : Nationality Of Aircraft

An aircraft shall be deemed to possess the nationality of the State on the
register of which it is entered.

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

General Conditions Of Flying

Rule No 5 :

Registration And Nationality & Registration

Marks
Subject to the provisions of rule 33, no person shall fly, or assist in flying, any
aircraft unless (a) it has been registered, and
(b) it bears its nationality and registrations marks and the name and residence of
the owner affixed or painted thereon in accordance with rule 37 or, in the case of
aircraft registered elsewhere than in India, in accordance with the regulations of
the State in which it is registered:

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Rule No 5A : Prohibited Flight

Except under, and in accordance with the terms and
conditions of, a permit issued by the Director-General of
Civil Aviation (1) no aircraft registered in India shall leave India for the
purpose of a flight to a place outside India;
(2) no aircraft shall undertake a flight to any territory
which the Central Government may, by notification in the
Official Gazette, declare to be a prohibited territory.

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Rule No 6 : Licensing Of Personnel

Rule No 7 : Documents To Be Carried
On Aircraft
Rule No 7B : Carriage Of Cockpit
Checklists In Aircraft( includes CCL &
ECL).
Rule No 9 : Radio-telegraph Apparatus

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Rule No 12 : Prohibited Areas

Rule No 15 : Conditions To Be
Complied With By Aircraft In Flight
C of A shall be carried in the pocket of
JLB
Rule No 19 : Cancellation, Suspension
Or Endorsement Of Licences,
Certificates, Authorisation & Approval

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED
Rule No 24 : Prohibition On
Consumption Of Intoxicating And
Psychoactive Substances
General Safety Conditions
Rule No 25 : Smoking In Aircraft
Rule No 25A : Fuelling Of Aircraft
Rule No 25B : Housing Of Aircraft

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Rule No 29A : Prohibition Of Operating

Civil Aircraft Causing Sonic Boom.

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Rule No 29C Adoption of the Convention and

Annexes (1) The Director-General may lay down
standards and procedures not inconsistent with
the Aircraft Act, 1934 (22 of 1934) and the rules
made thereunder to carry out the Convention and
any Annex thereto.
(2)The Director-General shall formulate the
State Safety Programme and oversee its
implementation.
State Safety Programme means an integrated
set of requirementsand activities aimed at
improving safety.

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

29D. Safety Management Systems.

(1) Every organisation engaged in the
operation of aircraft and aerodromes,
provision of air traffic services, training
of personnel, maintenance, design and
manufacture of aeronautical
productsshall,
(a)establish and maintain Safety
Management Systems; and

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

29D. Safety Management Systems.

(b) Prepare a Safety Management Systems
Manual in such form and manner as may
be specified by the Director-General and
submit the same to the DirectorGeneralfor approval.

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

The Director-General or any other officer

authorised by him in this behalf by general or
special order in writing, may, at any reasonable
time, inspect the Safety Management Systems
and the concerned organisation shall cooperate with the Director-General or the
person
so
authorised
to
carry
out
theinspection.
(a)Safety Management Systems means a systematic
approach to managing safety, including the necessary
organisational structure, accountabilities, policies and
procedures;

RULES TO BE
REMEMBERED
Registration & Marking Of Aircraft
Rule No 30 : Certificate Of
Registration
Rule No 31: Nature Of Application

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Rule No 32 : Aircraft Imported By Air.

Rule No 33 : Change Of Ownership
Rule No 35 : Registration Fees
Rule No 36 : Register Of Aircraft
Rule No 37 : Nationality & Registration
Marks, How To Be Affixed

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Rule No 37A : use of state marks

Airworthiness
Rule No 49 : Type Certificate For An
Aircraft, Component & Item Of Equipment,
Designed Or Manufactured In India & Issue
Of Type Certificate
Rule No 49A : Issue Of Type Certificate
To An Aircraft, Aircraft Components And
Items Of Equipment Imported In India.

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Rule No 49B : Validation Of Type

Certificate For Aircraft, Aircraft
Components & Items Of Equipment
Imported In India.
Rule No 49C : Type CertificateAircraft Categories
Rule No 49D :Cancellation, Suspension
Or Endorsement On Type Certificate

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Rule No 50 : Certificate Of
Airworthiness
Rule No 50A : Conditions Necessary For
The C Of A & Inspection , Overhaul Of
Aircraft.
Rule No 51 : Flight Manual

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Rule No 52 : Modification & Repairs

A person shall not carry out any modification or repair affecting
safety of any aircraft in respect of which there is a valid
certificate of airworthiness unless he has been required to do
(a) Modifications issued by the manufacturer of an aircraft
(b) Repair schemes issued by the manufacturer of an aircraft
The Director-General may give approval for repair or
modifications.

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Rule No 53 : Use Of Materials, Processes,

Parts & Periodical Overhaul Of Aircraft
The materials, processes, parts, method used must comply with
such designs, drawings, specifications or instructions as may be
issued by the manufacturers or as may be specified or approved
by the Director-General.
The method and workmanship shall be in accordance with
standard aeronautical practice.
DGCA can exempt from above said rules by providing
concession.

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Rule No 53A : Manufacture, Storage &

Distribution Of All Aircraft
Rule No 54 : Persons Authorised To
Certify.
Rule No 55 : Suspension Or Cancellation
Of C Of A & its Continued Validity.
Rule No 56 : Indian Aircraft Operating
Outside India

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED
Rule No 57 : Instruments & Equipments
Rule No 58 : Weight & Balance
Rule No 59 : Defects & Defective Parts
Rule No 60 : Maintenance Standards &
Certification
Rule No 61 : Licensing Of Ames

RULES TO BE
REMEMBERED
The Aircraft Maintenance Engineers licences

may be granted in the following categories,

namely:(a) Category A
(b) Category B1
(c) Category B2
(d) Category C
The holders of various categories of
AircraftMaintenance Engineers Licenses shall
have the following privileges, namely:-

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED
(i) Category Alicence holders to issue CRS after
minor scheduled line maintenance and simple
defect rectificationwithin the limits of
maintenance tasks specifically endorsed on the
authorisation.
(ii) Category B1 licence holders to issue
certificates for release to service after
maintenance, including aircraft structure,
power-plant, mechanical and electrical systems,
including replacement of avionic line replaceable
units requiring simple tests to prove their
serviceability, in respect of an aircraft type
endorsed on the licence.

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED
Note: (a) Category B1 shall automatically include
the appropriate sub-category ofCategory A;
(b)microlight aircraft, glider, balloon or an
airship may be certified byan aircraft
maintenance engineer holding a licence in
Category A or Category B1.
(iii) Category B2 licence holders to issue
certificates of release to service after
maintenance on avionic and electrical systems of
aircraft type endorsed on the licence; and

AIRCRAFT RULES 1937

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

(iv) Category Clicence holders to issue certificates of

release to service after base maintenance in respect of

an aircraft of the type endorsed on the licence. The
privileges apply to the aircraft in its entirety including
all systems.

Qualification Requirements:

(a)heshall not be less than 18 years of age;

(b) he shall have passed 10+2 examination with Physics,
Chemistry and Mathematics from a recognised Board
orUniversity or its equivalent;
(c) he shall have passed a written examination as specified
by the Director-General:

RULES TO BE
REMEMBERED
DGCA may exempt any applicant from the

written examination if the applicant holds a

licence granted by a Contracting State to act in
the capacity of an Aircraft Maintenance
Engineer; and
He shall have the following minimum practical
experience, namely:-

(i)for Category A (any sub-category) and Category B1 (subcategories B1.2 and B1.4) four years of practical
aircraft maintenance experience; and
(ii)for Category B2 and sub-categories B1.1 and B1.3 five
years of practicalaircraft maintenanceexperience:

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Rule No 61A : Validation Of Licences Of

Foreign Ames.
Rule No 62 : Fees (Type Certificate)
Radio Telegraph Apparatus
Rule No 63 : aircraft for which radio
apparatus is obligatory
Log books
Rule No 67 : log book & logs

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED

Investigation Of Accidents
Rule No 68 : Notification Of Accidents.
Regulatory Provisions
Rule No 133A : Issue of special
Directions by director-general.
Engineering, inspection & normal
requirements for organisations other than
operation
Rule No 133B : Approved Organization
Rule No 133C : Fees (Approval)

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED
Air Transport Services
Rule No 134 : Air Transport Services
Rule No 140B : Operations Manual
Rule No 140C : Route Guide

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED
Rule No 140 : Minimum Requirements To
Be Complied With By The Operators.
All aircraft owners and operators shall comply
with the engineering, inspection and manual
requirements contained in Part XIII-A and with
the safety requirements in respect of air routes,
aircraft and aircrew, as may be specified by the
Director-General.

RULES TO BE REMEMBERED
Engineering, inspection & manual
requirements owners or operation
Rule No 154 : Definitions
Rule No 155 : Private Aircraft Owners
Rule No 155A : Operators

RULES

Vs

CAR

This topic gives us brief knowledge

about those rules which are used in
compiling various series & parts of CAR
section 02

RULES Vs CAR
Series A

Part IV :

1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
9)

Rule
Rule
Rule
Rule
Rule
Rule
Rule
Rule
Rule

155A.
133B.
140
133A
5
30
37
49
50

10) Rule 55
11) Rule 60
12) Rule 54
13) Rule 61
14) Rule 15

Foreign AMEs should pass oral check in accordance with

AIC 17 of 1994

RULES

Vs

CAR

Series B

Part I : 1) Sub rule (5) of Rule 60.

2) Rule 133A.
Part II : 1) Rule 7B
Human Factors Training Manual : ICAO Doc 9683

Series C

Part I : 1) Rule 60 (maintenance standard &

certification).
2) Sub rule (5) of Rule 60.
3) Rule 59 (defects & defective parts)
4) Rule 133A

RULES Vs CAR
Fleet Performance, Engineering Statics & Analysis : AAC
5 of 2001
Part III :
1) When the defects are observed at places away from
the normal base they may be recorded in the
appropriate column (col. XI) of JLB

Series D
) Part II : 1) Rule 60 (2).

RULES Vs CAR
Series E

Part I : 1) Rule 133B.

Approval for organisation that is located outside
the territories of India in accordance of AAC 4
of 1998.
The storage & handling procedure for
electrostatic devices components are detailed in
AAC 6 of 2000.
2) Rule 133C.

RULES Vs CAR
Series F

Part I : Procedure relating to registration of aircraft

1) Rule 5.
2) Rule 37
3) Rule 30
4) Rule 31
5) Rule 37A
6) Rule 33
7) Rule 35
8) Rule 36
The detailed requirements for registration of aircraft are in
ICAO 7 & a/c rules.
As per Article 29 of the ICAO convention The C of R shall
be carried on board each aircraft engaged in air transport
operation

RULES Vs CAR
Part III : Issue/validation and renewal of Certificate of
Airworthiness
1) Rule 50.
2) Rule 49
3) Rule 15
4) Rule 62
Part v : 1) Rule 55(1) provides for automatic suspension
of Certificate of Airworthiness of an aircraft under the
conditions mentioned therein.
2) Rule 55(2) empowers the DGCA to
suspend or cancel the Certificate of Airworthiness

RULES Vs CAR

Part vI : Rebuilding of aircraft

1) Rule 53 and 53A together prescribe
the requirement regarding use of materials
process to be used during manufacture of aircraft.
2) Rule 50 empowers the DGCA to
issue/renew or revalidate the Certificate of
Airworthiness
Part VII : Special Flight permits
1)Sub Rule 3 of Rule 55 of Aircraft Rules 1937,
states that no person may operate an aircraft
whose C of A has been suspended, or deemed to be
suspended, or has become invalid, without specific
permission of the DGCA

RULES Vs CAR
2) Sub Rule 4, of Rule 55, empowers the
DGCA to issue special flight permits to an
aircraft.
Part VIII : Maintenance and Certification of
Aircraft
deleted (included in CAR-M)

RULES Vs CAR
Part IX : Continuous Airworthiness
Maintenance Programme.
.cancelled (CAR-M is followed)
Part X : Airworthiness of Ageing Aircraft

1) Rule 50 and 50(a) issue of C of A to an

aircraft and also its continued validity.

RULES Vs CAR
Part XIV : Registration and Airworthiness of
Microlight Aircraft.
Rule 15 and Rule 49 of the Aircraft Rules,
DGCA may issue a 'Permit to Fly' in respect of
the microlight aircraft in lieu of the Type
Certificate and the Certificate of
Airworthiness.

RULES Vs CAR
Part XVIII : Construction, Certification and
Operation of Experimental/Amateur Built
Aircraft.

Rule 15 and 50 empowers the DGCA to

issue, renew or revalidate, Permit to Fly
and Certificate of Airworthiness
respectively.

RULES Vs CAR
Part XXII: Load and trim sheet Requirements thereof.

Under sub rule 2 (b) of rule 58 it is

stipulated that "The load of an aircraft
through out the flight including take off
and landing shall be so distributed that
the centre of gravity position of the
aircraft falls within the limitations
specified or approved by the Director
General."

RULES Vs CAR
REQUIREMENTS OF AIRCRAFT FUEL, REFUELLING
OF AIRCRAFT AND CALIBRATION OF AIRCRAFT
FUELS
SERIES H Part II : Aircraft Fuelling Procedures
1) Rule 25A prescribes the procedures of fuelling
of aircraft
PART III : Aviation Fuel at Airport : Storage,
Handling and Quality Control.
1)Rule 133(B) empowers DGCA to approve
organisations engaged in storage, compounding,
blending of aviation fuels, lubricants and products
including fuelling/de-fuelling of aircraft.

RULES Vs CAR
AIRCRAFT INSTRUMENT, EQUIPMENT AND
ACCESSORIES
SERIES I Part II: Aircraft equipment and instruments
Rule 57 requires that every aircraft shall be fitted and
equipped with instruments and equipment, including
radio apparatus
Part IV: Airworthiness Procedures for clean rooms and
environments for aircraft systems/accessories shop
Sub Rule 2 of Rule 57 further states that such
instrument and equipment shall be maintained in a
serviceable condition.

RULES Vs CAR
Part V :FLIGHT DATA RECORDERS
This CAR has been issued under the provisions of Rule
29C of the Aircraft Rules,
RULE 29 C : Adoption of convention & annexes

RULES Vs CAR
SERIES L- AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE
ENGINEER LICENSING
Rule 61 lays down the minimum qualifications and
the experience requirements for issue of AME
licence in various categories.
Note;-No AME Licence will be renewed after 1st July
2001, unless the requirement of refresher course is met
with. The guidelines on Refresher Course and the
exemptions thereof are given in AAC 8 of 2000.

RULES Vs CAR

SERIES L PART X

Grant of approvals to persons engaged in overhaul,

major repairs of components and accessories of
aircraft, engines and their systems.

Rule 54 requires that all work on aircraft is

certified by licensed engineers, authorized or
approved persons qualified under the terms and
conditions of the licence, authorisation or
approval or by an approved person or persons
authorised by organizations approved by the
Director-General in this behalf.

RULES Vs CAR
Subrule (7) of Rule 61 provides for
the grant of approval to an applicant
employed in an organisation approved by
the Director-General to issue a
certificate of maintenance
PART XVI : VALIDATION OF FOREIGN LICENCES
OF AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS.
Rule 61A : VALIDATION OF FOREIGN LICENCES
OF AIRCRAFT MAINTENANCE ENGINEERS.

RULES Vs CAR
Series R :AIRBORNE COMMUNICATION,
NAVIGATION AND RADAR

PART I
Rule 57 requires that every aircraft shall be
fitted and equipped with radio apparatus.
PART II
Rule 9 sub-rule 3 and rule 57 specify that
every aircraft shall be fitted and equipped
with radio apparatus as may be specified
according to the use and circumstances under
which the flight is to be conducted.

RULES Vs CAR

PART V
Control of Electromagnetic interference in
modern aircraft.

Sub rule 2 of Aircraft Rule 57 states

that instrument and equipment including
Radio equipment installed on aircraft shall
be maintained in a serviceable condition.

RULES Vs CAR
Series X : MISCELLANEOUS REQUIREMENTS
PART II: Weight and balance control of an
aircraft
Rule 58 requires that every aircraft shall be
weighed and its centre of gravity determined.
PART III : PROVISION OF MEDICAL SUPPLIES
IN AIRCRAFT

Rule 57 requires that every aircraft shall be

fitted and equipped with instruments and
equipment.

RULES Vs CAR
Medical kit: A kit containing such life saving
drugs intended to be administered only by a
qualified medical practitioner if and when
available.
Universal precaution kit: A kit for the use of
cabin crew members in managing incidents of ill
health associated with a case of suspected
communicable disease, or in the case of illness
involving contact with body fluids.

Passenger
First-aid kits
0 -- 100
1
101 -- 200
2
201 -- 300
3
301 -- 400
4
401 -- 500
5
More than 500
6

Medical kit
1
1
1
1
1

RULES Vs CAR
PART VI : Aircraft Log Books.
Rule 67 Log books shall be kept and maintained
in respect of all aircraft registered in India.
PART VII : Document to be carried on board
by Indian registered aircraft
Rule 7 of the Aircraft Rules, 1937 requires
that all aircraft registered in India shall carry
valid documents

Thank
you

ICAO ANNEXURES
Annex 1 : Personnel Licensing
Annex 2 : Rules of the Air
Annex 3 : Meteorological Service for
International Air Navigation
Annex 4 : Aeronautical Charts
Annex 5 : Units of Measurement to be
Used in Air and Ground Operations
Annex 6 : Operation of Aircraft
Annex 7 :Aircraft Nationality and
Registration Marks

ICAO ANNEXURES
Annex 8 : Airworthiness of Aircraft
Annex 9 : Facilitation
Annex 10 : Aeronautical
Telecommunications
Annex 11 : Air Traffic Services
Annex 12 : Search and Rescue
Annex 13 : Aircraft Accident and
Incident Investigation

ICAO ANNEXURES
Annex 14 : Aerodromes
Annex 15 : Aeronautical
Information Services
Annex 16 : Environmental
Protection
Annex 17 : Security: Safeguarding
International Civil Aviation Against
Acts of Unlawful Interference
Annex 18 : The Safe Transport of

Annex 1 : Personnel
Licensing

Standards and Recommended Practices

for the licensing of flight crew
members (pilots, flight engineers and
flight navigators), air traffic
controllers, aeronautical station
operators, maintenance technicians
and flight dispatchers , are provided
by Annex 1 to the Convention on
International Civil Aviation.

Annex 2 : Rules of the Air

The rules developed by ICAO - which
consist of general rules, visual flight
rules and instrument flight rules
contained in Annex 2 - apply without
exception over the high seas, and over
national territories to the extent that
they do not conflict with the rules of
the State being overflown.

Annex 3 : Meteorological
Service for International
Air Navigation

The object of the meteorological service outlined

in Annex 3 is to contribute to the safety, efficiency
and regularity of air navigation.
This is achieved by providing necessary
meteorological information to operators, flight
crew members, air traffic services units, search
and rescue units, airport management and others
concerned with aviation.

Annex 4 : Aeronautical
Charts

It is often said that a picture is worth a

thousand words, however, todays often
complex aeronautical charts may be worth
much more
Aeronautical charts not only provide the
two dimensional information common in
most maps, but also often portray three
dimensional air traffic service systems

Annex 5 : Units of
Measurement to be Used
in Air and Ground
The question
of the units of measurement
Operations
to be used in international civil aviation
goes back as far as the origin of ICAO
itself. At the International Civil Aviation
Conference held at Chicago in 1944, the
importance of a common system of
measurements was realized and a
resolution was adopted calling on States
to make use of the metric system as the
primary international standard.

Annex 6 : Operation of
Aircraft

The essence of Annex 6, simply put, is

that the operation of aircraft engaged in
international air transport must be as
standardized as possible to ensure the
highest levels of safety and efficiency.

Annex 9 : Facilitation
The Standards and Recommended Practices
(SARPs) on Facilitation (FAL) are derived from
several provisions of the
Chicago Convention. Article 37 obliges ICAO to
adopt and amend from time to time international
standards and
recommended practices and procedures dealing
with, inter alia, customs and immigration
procedures

Annex 10 : Aeronautical
Telecommunications

Three of the most complex and

essential elements of international
civil aviation are aeronautical
communications, navigation and
surveillance.
Annex 10 is divided into five volumes:
Volume I Radio Navigation Aids
Volume II Communications
Procedures including those with
PANS status

Annex 10 : Aeronautical
Telecommunications

Volume III Communication

Systems
Part 1 Digital Data Communication
Systems
Part 2 Voice Communication
Systems
Volume IV Surveillance Radar and
Collision Avoidance Systems
Volume V Aeronautical Radio
Frequency Spectrum Utilization

Annex 12 : Search and

Rescue
Search and rescue services are
organized to respond to persons
apparently in distress and in need of
help.
Prompted by the need to rapidly
locate and rescue survivors of
aircraft accidents

Annex 16 :
Environmental Protection
Annex 16 (Volumes I and II) deals
with the protection of the
environment from the effect of
aircraft noise and aircraft engine
emissions - two topics hardly thought
about when the Chicago Convention
was signed.