Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
¢ Worlds largest
network
¢ Thousands of
computer
devices are
connected via
telephone
lines,
dedicated
digital lines or
satellite signals
What is the Internet?
A global massive network of networks, super-network
How data is transmitted or
travel over the Internet?
¢ Computer’s software divides data into small
pieces called packets:
§ packets done through the technique called
packet switching – adheres to
Transmission Control Protocol/IP
§ routers (hardware devices) – determine the
paths and transfer data packets
§ recipient computer – reassembles data
packets into the original massage
§
§
How to connect to the
Internet?
¢ Computer (sender) divides data into:
l packets through packet switching technique – adheres to the
Transmission Control Protocol/IP
l modem (modulator + demodulator) converts digital signals into
analog signals
l telephone lines
l packets travel through routers
l Internet Service Provider (ISP):
• Local ISP – limited to a small geographical area
• National ISP – large geographical region, nationwide
• Local ISP – limited to a small geographical area
l modem (modulator + demodulator) converts analog signals into
digital signals of the recipient computer
¢ Recipient computer reassembles packets into the original
massage + FTP
How the Internet works?
Digital packets Analog packets Routers Routers
¢ Computer (sender) Modem Telephone ISP/ L ISP/ N
¢
¢
Internet addresses
http://www.uj.ac.za/index.html
Domain Document
hypertext Organisation Country code
name: name
transfer
protocol compute
r
address
The World Wide Web
¢ A service available on the Internet
¢ Collection of electronic documents – hyperlinks: text,
graphics, video, sound, animations …
l When one follows links, it’s called “surfing the web”
¢ Web browser: Microsoft Internet Explorer,
Netscape
¢ Web pages are developed using a language called
HTML
¢ Finding information one needs to know URL or
search engine(s)
¢ Plug-ins or helper application extents the capability of
the web browser
¢
•
Other Internet services
¢ Email
l Email addresses e.g. duan@rau.ac.za
l Need email client like Outlook
l Also web-based email systems
• www.webmail.co.za
• www.ananzi.co.za
• www.hotmail.com
¢ FTP – used for transferring files, now a service
that the WWW offers
¢ Telnet (not popular in SA), Newsgroups
¢ Mailing lists like LISTSERV
¢ Chat rooms
Netiquette and security