Summer training Project

presentation
on
SIGNALLING & TELECOMMUNICATION
IN INDIAN RAILWAY
AT BIKANER

Submitted to:
submitted by:
mrs Indu Bhuria
Chandra
E.C.E DEPTT.

Prakash
B.Tech

 Summer training report

on
signaling & telecommunication

A
Summer training report
On
SIGNIGNALING & TELECOMMUNICATION

CONTENT
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

CONTROL COMMUNICATION
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS EXCHANGE
PRS,FOIS,RAILNET,UTS
PASSENGER AMENITIES
OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION

INTRODUCTION

Public sector undertaking

Rail transport
TYPE
16 april 1853
INDUSTRY
New Delhi India
FOUNDED
India
HEADQUATERS Mr. Suresh Prabhu(Railway Minister)
AREA SERVED Rail transport, Cargo transport, Services, more..
KEY PEOPLE
Republic of india(100%)
PRODUCTS
17 Railway Zones
OWNER(S)
Indianrailways.gov.in
DIVISONS
WEBSITE

ABOUT INDIAN
RAILWAY
Railways were first introduced to india in the year

1853 from
mumbai to thane.
Indian railways is an indian state owned and
operated by govt. Of india through the ministry of
india.
17 railway zones in indian railways.
Present railway minister Mr.Suresh Prabhu.
Headquaters of indian railway in new delhi.
Railway website www.indianrailways.gov.in

PASSENGER R ESER VATION

SYSTE M (PR S)
Computerized PRS is a most useful facility, which

enhances the image of indian railways.

Initially it is installed in Delhi by CRIS for western and
central railway .
The main super computer which is installed at CSTM
and the terminals of both different location connected
to this computer with communication link through of
OFC,UHF,and MW on 4 wire analog speech channel,
when the more then one terminal is required at a
place then either eight terminals modem mux,called
CODEC is used .some muxes can multiplex the data of
12 terminal like DCM mux. But some of the mux. Are
requiring more then one analog channel like in DCM
where 2 channel are require with support 20 or 24

 The terminal are access through mux and modems.At

present there
are five computer frames i.e
CSTM,DLI,HWH,DS,MAS and all the computers are inter
connected to each other with 64 Kbps through lease line
modem and each set of computers are heaving the terminal
spreading over their jurisdiction.So any of the terminals
access any of the train of indian railway originated for any
of place.

RAILNET
INTRODUCTION:
Indian railways has decided to setup their own
corporate wide information system called
RAILNET to provide computer connectivity b\w
railway board with zonal railways, production
unit, centerlised trainning and 46 major trainning
institute.For improvement in this n\w in term
bandwidth, quality of channel, indian railways set
up a separate organisation i.e. Indian railways
centeral organisation of telecommunication.

HOW DOES RAILNET WORKS:

rail net is similar to internet. All the computers and
the communication cables that make up the
thousands of smaller networks at various railway
offices are connected together to form the railnet .
It fallows a simple rule ,TCP/IP. here packet switching is
used ,where a computer massage is broken into small
packet each packet consist of a destination address , a
source address and packet identity and user data .a
packet can travel through any path any network.

UTS (UNRESERVED TICKETING

SYSTEM)
Indian railway is introducing the facility of booking
unreserved suburban ticket on smart phone. As of
know the mobile UTS system has been introduced in
mumbai .
Indian railways carries about 14 million passenger
everyday out of which about 12 million passenger
travel in unreserved coaches.So it is beneficial for
those passenger who make their instant plan of
travelling.

PASSENGER AMENITIES SYSTEM

all the necessary information related to rail
system like arrival of train ,departure of train and
delay etc. through a fix preprogrammed
messages are stored on data voice recorders in
the form of voice on station along the railway line.

Under these amenities the announcement

awares the passenger s and these passengers can
utilise their time properly.
The amenities are classified as, minimum
essential amenities , recommended amenities and
desirable amenities.

OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION

WHAT IS OPTICAL FIBER?
An fiber is a hair thin cylindrical fiber of glass or
any transparent dielectric medium .
The fiber which are used for optical
communication are waveguides of transparent
dielectrics .
Its function is to guide visible and infrared light
over long distances.
OFC is needed for more carrying capacity and it
can transfer information with a speed of light.

CLASSIFICATION OF OPTICAL FIBER

ptical fiber is classified into two categories based on

he number of modes:A. Single mode
B. Multi mode
he refractive index:A. Step index
B. Graded index

WORKING PRINCIPLE
Total internal reflection(TIR)
When a ray of light travels from a denser to
rarer medium such that the angle of incidence
is greater than the critical angle ,the ray reflects
back into the same medium this phenomena is
called TIR.
In the optical fiber the rays undergo repeated
total number of reflections until it emerges out
of the other end of the fiber, even if the is bent

APPLICATION OF OFC
1)In telecommunication field.
2)In space applications.
3)In broadband applications.
4)Computer applications and industrial
applications.
5)Mining applications.
6)In medical applications.
7)In military applications.

ADVANTAGES OF OFC

)Between major stations.

)Multiple links possible in between.
)Fastest and secure.
)Largest bandwidth.
)Can carry very large number of channel