Radiographic Interpretation

Radiographs of Welds
World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Lack of root
penetration

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Lack of root
Fusion

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Excess Penetration

Piping

MAG Process

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Lack of root
fusion with
misalignment

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Excessive root
penetration

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Concave root

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Cluster porosity

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Burn through

Whats the defects?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Cap undercut

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Root undercut

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Incomplete
filled groove

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Longitudinal
crack

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Elongated slag
lines

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Linear
misalignment

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Lack of sidewall
fusion

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Transverse
cracking

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Lack of sidewall
fusion + slag

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Lack of sidewall
fusion + slag

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds
Lack of root penetration

Burn through

Whats the defects?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Crater crack
/star crack

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Worm holes
Hard stamping

Do you see any thing else

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

HAZ crack

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds
Lack of root penetration
Copper inclusions

Lack of root penetration

Whats the defects?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Crater cracks
+ crater pipe
No weld metal

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds
Lack of root penetration

Do you see any thing else?

Root undercut

Unfused filler wire

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Silica inclusions

MAG Process

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Cluster porosity

Whats the defect?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Cap undercut

Arc strike

Whats the defects?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds
Do you see anything else?
Spatter / Debris

Excess Root
Penetration

Whats the defects?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

What else can

you see ? Spatter
Piping

Gas pore

Whats the defects?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Root undercut

Whats the defects?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Whats the defects?

Lack of root fusion

What else can you see ?

Incomplete filled groove

Lack of root Penetration

Lack of root Penetration

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

What's the defects?

Cap Undercut

Can you see any other defects?

Wormholes intermittent

Lack of Root Penetration

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

What defects can you see?

Parallel slag lines

Porosity
World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Anything else?
Spatter

What defects can you see?

Porosity

Crack

Lack of sidewall fusion

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Interpass slag
inclusions

Whats the defects?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Tungsten
inclusions

TIG Process

Whats the defects?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Herringbone porosity

Whats the defects?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Light Fog
Light Leaks

Whats the Artefact?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Whats the Defect?

Cap undercut

Yellow Fog

Whats the Artefact?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Crimping Mark
After Exposure

Whats the Artefact?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Film Scratch

Whats the Artefact?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Static Discharge

Whats the Artefact?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Chemical Mark

Whats the Artefact?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Water Marks

Whats the Artefact?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Dust/Grime Marks

Whats the Artefact?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Reticulation

Whats the Artefact?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Radiographic Interpretation of
Welds

Diffraction Mottle

Whats the Artefact?

World Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd

Any Questions

?
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TWI Ltd Centre for Materials Joining Technology

Copyright 2006, TWI Ltd