HOW TO WRITE

REFERENCES ACCORDING
APA
Ridha, Elisa, Rivanti and Ami

WHAT IS REFERENCES

References is an essential part of a reserach /

Thesis and ethical values demand that authors
identify the sources used in their work. You are
referencing in order to:
Acknowledge an intellectual debt to another author where
you have drawn from his or her published work or ideas,
either explicitly or implicitly.
Support specific facts or claims which you make in your
text.
Enable your reader to find sources to which you have
referred easily and quickly.

BENEFITS OF REFERENCES

It Shows the range of reading that you

have done. This gains you marks.
It can make your own arguments more
convincing by supporting them with the
ideas of acknowledged experts and data
from credible sources
It is a basic academic / research
requirement and doing so means you
cannot be accused of plagiarism.

ON THE REFERENCES PAGE

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The last page of your paper is entitled References.

Order of entries:

List all references in alphabetical order. Each reference is listed

once.

only

1. Authors: List the author's last name, followed by a comma and initials
separated by periods and spaces.
2. When listing two to six authors, place commas between them and use an
ampersand (&) before the last author's name. If the number of authors
exceeds six, list the first six followed by "et al."
3. For edited books with chapters written by individual authors, list the authors
of the chapterfirst, then the year, and the chapter title, followed by "In", the
editors' names, then (Eds.), and the booktitle.
[https://www.scribd.com/doc/66223107/References-According-to-the-APA-Style]

ON THE REFERENCES PAGE

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4. Date
The year goes after the authors, in parentheses and followed by a period, for example
(2003). Ifno
year is identified, use (n.d.).
5. Title:
Capitalize the first letter of the first word in the title, and the first word in the subtitle. The
rest ofthe
title is in lower-case, with the exception of proper names. The title is italicized or
underlined.
6. Book references:
Give the title, edition, city of publication, and publisher. If there is an edition itappears
after the title,
abbreviated, in parentheses, and followed by a period, for example (3rd ed.).
7. Journal references:
Give the journal title written in full, a comma, volume number [all italicized orunderlined],
issue number in parentheses if available, comma, and the page range, followed by a
period.
For example: Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 38(10), 1327-33.

EXAMPLE OF REDERENCES

Center title References at

the top of the page.
* Do not bold.
Double-space lines
Use a hanging indent.
* Flush left the first line of
the entry and indent
subsequent lines one-half
inch.
Alphabetize entries by the
authors surnames.

APA FORMAT STYLE

REFERENCES BOOK IN APA

FORMAT

For a book, you should begin with the author (surname first),
period, the year the book was published, period, then the title
of the book (italicized), then the books edition (if noted) in
parentheses, period, the place of publication, and the
publisher.
1. Book with One Author
Author, A.A.. (Year of Publication). Title of work. Publisher
City , State: Publisher.
Finney, J. (1970). Time and again. New York, NY: Simon and
Schuster.
Brown, C. (2005). Learning styles. Toronto, ON: Macmillan

REFERENCES BOOK IN APA

FORMAT

2. Book with Two Authors:

The first given name appears in last name, first name
format;
subsequent author names appear in first name last
name format.
A. Michaels, P. J., & Ballin, R. C., Jr. (2000). The satanic gases:

Clearing the air about

global warming. Washington, DC: Cato

Institute.

B. Gillespie, Paula, and Neal Lerner. (2000). The Allyn and Bacon
Guide to Peer
Tutoring. Boston: Allyn Print.

REFERENCES BOOK IN APA

FORMAT

3. Book with Three, Four, Five Authors:

If a work has three (3), four (4) or five (5) authors, cite
all authors the first time and from then on include only the
last name of the first author followed by the words et al. (et
al. is Latin for and others)
A. Wysocki, Anne Frances, et al. (2004). Writing New
Media: Theory and
Applications
for Expanding the
Teaching of Composition. Logan:
Utah State UP Print.
B. Wysocki, Anne Frances, Johndan Johnson-Eilola,
Cynthia L. Selfe,
and Geoffrey Sirc. (2004). Writing
New Media: Theory and
Applications for Expanding
the Teaching of Composition. Logan:
Utah State UP
Print.

REFERENCES BOOK IN APA

FORMAT

4. Two or More Books by the Same Author

List works alphabetically by title. (Remember to ignore
articles like A, An, and The.) Provide the authors name in
last name, first name format for the first entry only. For
each subsequent entry by the same author, use three
hyphens and a period.
a) Palmer, William J. Dickens and New Historicism.(1997).
New York: St.
Martin's. Print.
b) ---. The Films of the Eighties: A Social History. (1993).
Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP Print.

REFERENCES BOOK IN APA

FORMAT

5. A Translated Book
Cite as you would any other book. Add "Trans."the abbreviation
for translated byand follow with the name(s) of the translator(s).
Foucault, Michel. 1988. Madness and Civilization: A History of Insanity in the
Age of Reason. Trans. Richard Howard. New York: Vintage-Random House, Print.

6. Book chapter
Author's Last Name, First Initial. Middle Initial. (Date of Publication).
Title of chapter or article. In Editor #1 First Initial. Middle Initial. Last
Name, & Editor #2 First Initial. Middle Initial. Last Name (Eds.), Title of
book: Subtitle of book (pp. Pages). Place of Publication: Publisher.
Grealy, L. (2002). Fear itself. In T. Roberts, M. Moser, D. LePan, C. Lawson, J. Gaunce, & J.
Britton
(Eds.), The Broadview anthology of expository prose (pp. 450-461). Peterborough, Ontario: Broadview.
Meiland, J. (2003). The difference between high school and college. In R. K. Durst (Ed.), You are here:
Readings on higher education for college writers (pp. 104-114). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice
Hall.

REFERENCES BOOK IN APA

FORMAT
7. An Edition of a Book
There are two types of editions in book publishing: a book that has
been published more than once in different editions and a book that is
prepared by someone other than the author (typically an editor).
a) A Subsequent Edition
Cite the book as you normally would, but add the number of the
edition after the title.
Crowley, Sharon, and Debra Hawhee. 2004. Ancient Rhetorics for
Contemporary Students. 3rd ed. New York: Pearson/Longman
Print.
b) A Work Prepared by an Editor
Cite the book as you normally would, but add the editor after the title.
Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. Ed. (1998) Margaret Smith.
Oxford: Oxford UP Print.

REFERENCES BOOK IN APA

FORMAT

List first editor with the last name first, followed by a comme
and "(Ed.)."
Example: Smith, J. D. (Ed.).

Two editors are separated by a comma after the first author

and the ampersand ( & ) and are followed with a comma and
"(Eds.)."
Example: Smith, J. D., & Jones, R. L. (Eds.).

Three to seveneditors are separated with commas and the

ampersand ( & ) and are followed with a comma and "(Eds.)."
Example: Smith, John D., Jones, R. L., & Harper, S. G. (Eds.).

More than seven: List up tosix (6) editors; then ellipses, and
then last editor.
Example: Smith, J. D., Jones, R. L., Harper, S. G., Harris, K., Thompson, L.
C., Nelson, G. A., ...Sampson, D.(Eds.).

REFERENCES E-BOOK IN APA

FORMAT

The reference list entry for a whole e-book should include

elements of author, date, title (with e-reader book type in
square brackets if applicable; italicize the title but not the
bracketed material), and source (URL or DOI).
Note that you give the commercial URL of the e-book
supplier, NOT the university web address of the database

REFERENCES E-BOOK IN APA

FORMAT
Format

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Book

title: Subtitle. Retrieved from URL of the e-book OR doi:
xxxx
Example

Hendry, J. (2005). Reclaiming culture: Indigenous peoples

and self representation.
Retrieved from
https://www.library.uq.edu.au/files/34067031843.pdf
Henke, J. (2012). Mobile phone devices: Development,
features and effects on health. doi:
10.1596/9780-8213

REFERENCES BROCHURES OR
PAMPHLETS IN APA FORMAT

Treat brochures, pamphlets, fact sheets etc. like books.

Indicate the type of publication in square brackets after the title,
unless the publication type is included in the title. When the
publisher is the same as the author, write 'Author' as the name of
the publisher.
Format

Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title of

brochure [Brochure].Location: Publisher.
Example

Southern Cross University. (2008). Copyright and you: A guide for

staff [Brochure]. Lismore, Australia: Author.

REFERENCES IN JOURNAL

A journal is a scholarly publication containing articles

written by researchers, professors and other experts. Journals
focus on a specific discipline or field of study. Unlike
newspapers and magazines, journals are intended for an
academic or technical audience, not general readers.

Most journal articles...

1.

Are peer reviewed

2.

Have original research

3.

Focus on current developments

4.

Cite other works and have bibliographies

5.

Can be in print, online or both

6.

Journals are published on a regular basis (monthly, quarterly, etc.) and are
sequentially numbered.

7.

Each copy is an issue; a set of issues makes a volume (usually each year

REFERENCE LIST ENTRY: JOURNAL ARTICLE

Journal article: basic form; two authors; read online,

with doi
Gaudio, J. L., & Snowdon, C. T. (2008). Spatial cues more
salient than color cues in cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus
oedipus) reversal learning. Journal of Comparative
Psychology, 122, 441-444. doi: 10.1037/07357036.122.4.441
Journal article: basic form; single author; print
Alibali, M. W. (1999). How children change their minds:
Strategy change can be gradual or abrupt. Developmental
Psychology 35, 127-145.

REFERENCE LIST ENTRY: JOURNAL ARTICLE

Journal article: basic form, two authors; read online, with doi
Hamilton, R. J., & Bowers, B. (2007). The theory of genetic
vulnerability: A Roy model exemplar. Nursing Science Quarterly, 20,
254-264. doi: 10.1177/0894318407303127
Journal article: two authors; read online from journal website; a
webtext; no page numbers; no doi
Carter, S., & Dunbar-Odom, D. (2009). The converging literacies center:
An integrated model for writing programs. Kairos: A Journal of
Rhetoric, Technology, and Pedagogy, 14.1. Retrieved from
http://kairos.technorhetoric.net /

REFERENCE LIST ENTRY: JOURNAL ARTICLE

Journal article: journal paginated by issue; 3-6 authors; read

online, with doi
Alibali, M. W., Phillips, K. M. O., & Fischer, A. D. (2009). Learning new
problem-solving strategies leads to changes in problem representation.
Cognitive Development, 24, 89-101. doi:10.1016/j.cogdev.2008.12.005
Journal article: 7 or more authors; print
Yawn, B. P., Algatt-Bergstrom, P. J., Yawn, R. A., Wollan, P., Greco, M.,
Gleason, M., et al. (2000). An in-school CD-ROM asthma education
program. Journal of School Health, 70, 153-159.

REFERENCE LIST ENTRY: JOURNAL

ARTICLE

Journal article: in Internet-only journal; secondary

reference
Greenberg, M. T., Domitrovich, C., & Bumbarger, B. (2000,
March 30). Prevention of mental disorders in school-aged
children: Current state of the field. Prevention and
Treatment, 4, Article 1. Retrieved from http://
journals.apa.org/prevention/volume4/pre0040001a.htm
Example
Antoni, Nurman. Oktober 2010, Exploring EFL Teachers
strategies in teaching reading comprehension. Jurnal
penelitian pendidikan. Volume 11, N0. 2,

REFERENCES MAGAZINE IN
APA FORMAT
In APA style, you should give the complete date of publication if the
magazine is published weekly or bi-weekly. If the magazine is monthly
or bi-monthly, you only need to give the month and year of publication.
You do not need to list volume or issue numbers. When you access an
article online, include the digital object identifier (DOI) when available.
If no DOI is available, include the home page URL of the journal.
Citing a magazine article found online
APA format structure:
Author,A.A.. (Year, Month of Publication).Article
title.Magazine
Title,Volume(Issue),Retrieved from http://xxxx
APA format example:
Tumulty, K. (2006, April). Should they stay or should they
go?Time,167(15) Retrieved from
http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1179361,00.html

REFERENCES MAGAZINE IN
APA FORMAT

Citing a magazine article in print

APA format structure:
Author, A.A.. (Year, month of Publication). Article
title.MagazineTitle,Volume(Issue), pp.-pp.
APA format example:
Tumulty, K. (2006, April). Should they stay or should
they go?Time,167(15), 3-40.

REFERENCES NEWSPAPER
IN APA FORMAT

In APA style, include the page number range for continuous

pages (e.g., A12-A13); for articles appearing on non-continuous
pages, list all pages, separated by a comma (e.g., A12, A14).
How to Cite a Newspaper in Print in APA
Structure:
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article
title.Newspaper Title, pp. Page(s).
Examples:
Bowman, L. (1990, March 7). Bills target Lake Erie
mussels.The Pittsburgh Press, p. A4.
Meier, B. (2013, January 1). Energy Drinks Promise Edge, but
Experts Say Proof Is Scant.New York Times, p. 1.

REFERENCES NEWSPAPER
IN APA FORMAT
In APA, list "Retrieved from" followed by the URL of the Web site's homepage.
No date of access is needed.
How to Cite a Newspaper Online in APA
Format:
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article title.Newspaper Title, pp.
Page(s). Retrieved from URL.
Examples:
Bowman, L. (1990, March 7). Bills target Lake Erie mussels.The Pittsburgh
Press, p. A4. Retrieved from http://www.pittsburghpress.com
Meier, B. (2013, January 1). Energy drinks promise edge, but experts say proof
is scant.New York Times, p. 1. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com

REFERENCES NEWSPAPER
IN APA FORMAT

How to Cite a Newspaper on a Database in APA

Format:
Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published). Article
title.Newspaper Title, pp. Page(s). Retrieved from URL
Examples:
Anand, G. (2010, April 2). Fire and fumes can't drive
Indians from hellish village.Wall Street Journal, p. A1.
Retrieved from http://online.wsj.com
Carey, P. (2012, December 21). An apps-eye view of global
warming and climate change.Contra Costa Times.
Retrieved from www.lexisnexis.com

REFERENCES NEWSPAPER
IN APA FORMAT

How to Cite a Newspaper Article Published Directly Online

in APA
Format:
Last, F. M., & Last, F. M. (Year, Month Date Published).
Article title.Newspaper Title. Retrieved from URL
Examples:
Sutter, J. D. (2010, March 31). Why internet connections are
fastest in South Korea.CNN Tech. Retrieved from
http://cnn.com
Zeitlin, M. (2012, December 29). The milk cliff explained:
Why a gallon may soon hit $7.Newsweek. Retrieved from
http://www.thedailybeast.com

REFERENCES NEWSPAPER
IN APA FORMAT

Daily newspaper, no author

Format :
Article title. (Date of publication, showing year, month and
date).Name of newspaper, Pagenumbers preceded by p. or
pp.
Example:
New drug appears to sharply cut risk of death from heart
failure. (1993, July 15).The WashingtonPost,p. A12.
Cited in text:("New drug," 1993)

WEBSITE REFERENCES IN
APA FORMAT

Citing a general website article with an author

APA format structure:
Author, A.A.. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Article title.
Retrieved from URL
APA format example:
Simmons, B. (2015, January 9). The tale of two Flaccos.
Retrieved from http://grantland.com/the-triangle/the-tale-oftwo-flaccos/

WEBSITE REFERENCES IN
APA FORMAT

Citing a general website article without an author

APA format structure:
Article title. (Year, Month Date of Publication). Retrieved
from URL
APA format example:
Teen posed as doctor at West Palm Beach hospital: police.
(2015,
January
16).
Retrieved
from
http://
www.nbcmiami.com/news/local/Teen-Posed- as-Doctor-atWest-Palm-Beach-Hospital-Police-288810831.html