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Optical Communications

Chapter 1: Introduction

Pham Quang Thai pqthai.hcmut@gmail.com

Textbooks
[1] G. Keiser, Optical Fiber Communications,
3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2000
[2] G. P. Agrawal, Fiber-Optic Communication
Systems, John Wiley & Sons, 1992
[3] R. Ramaswami and K. N. Sivarajan, Optical
Networks A practical Perspective, 3rd Edition,
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, 2010
[4] J. Powers, Introduction to Fiber Optic Systems,
2nd Edition, McGraw-Hill, 1999

Assessment
Percent

Note

Homework

15%

Online

Simulation

15%

Project

20%

Randomly
choose
Group project

Final

50%

Multiple choice
(70-90 m)

Content
Why optical communications?
Evolution of Optical Communication
Systems
Applications of optical
communications

Increasing Need for High-Capacity &


Broadband Services

Cisco Forecasts of IP Traffic in 2012

Transport of video on demand, Internet video


streams and downloads, and the exchange of
video and other files through P2P.

Cisco Forecasts of Global Consumer Internet Traffic in 2012

Optical Fibers with DWDM Systems


Technologies can provide needed solutions

Optical transmission system capacity

Optical
fiber

Coaxial
cable

~ 1012 Hz bandwidth

~ 108 Hz bandwidth

~ 10-6 m in diameter

~ 10-2 m in diameter

~ 10 kg/km

~ 1000 kg/km

~ 10-1 dB attenuation

~ 10 dB attenuation

No EMI and crosstalk

Yes

Electrical Isolation

No

Security

No

Evolution of Optical Communication


Systems

First laser
First
optical
waveguid
e

1960s

1970s
Early
optical
network
systems

First
generatio
n
SONET/S
DH

1980s

1990s
Second
generatio
n
WDM

Fiber: multi-mode
fiber
Fiber length: ~ 10
km
Use repeater
Bit rate: ~ 50
Mbps

1960: T. Maiman demonstrated first laser at


Hughes Research Laboratories.

1990s

Source: multiSource: single


mode laser, single
mode laser
mode laser
Wavelength: 8-32
Wavelength: 1310
wavelengths
nm
Fiber: single-mode
(MML), 1550 nm
fiber
(SML)
Fiber length: ~ 80
Fiber: single-mode
km
fiber
Use amplifier
Fiber length: ~ 40
Bit rate: ~ 2,5
km
Gbps 2 Tbps
Use repeater
Bit rate: ~ 100
Kao and Hockham use optical glass
Mbps 1966:
1 Gbps
fibers for laser light transmission.

1980s

1970s

Source: LED, Multimode laser


Wavelength: 830
nm

10

Fiber: multi-mode
fiber
Fiber length: ~ 10
km
Use repeater
Bit rate: ~ 50
Mbps

1970: Corning Incorporated scientists Drs. Robert


Maurer, Donald Keck, and Peter Schultz invented the
first low-loss optical fiber,

Source: single
mode laser
Wavelength: 8-32
wavelengths
Fiber: single-mode
fiber
Fiber length: ~ 80
km
Use amplifier
Bit rate: ~ 2,5
Gbps 2 Tbps

1990s

Source: multimode laser, single


mode laser
Wavelength: 1310
nm
(MML), 1550 nm
(SML)
Fiber: single-mode
fiber
Fiber length: ~ 40
km
Use repeater
Bit rate: ~ 100
Mbps 1 Gbps

1980s

1970s

Source: LED, Multimode laser


Wavelength: 830
nm

11

Fiber: multi-mode
fiber
Fiber length: ~ 10
km
Use repeater
Bit rate: ~ 50
Mbps

1990s

Source: multiSource: single


mode laser, single
mode laser
mode laser
Wavelength: 8-32
Wavelength: 1310
wavelengths
nm
Fiber: single-mode
(MML), 1550 nm
fiber
(SML)
Fiber length: ~ 80
Fiber: single-mode
km
fiber
Use amplifier
Fiber length: ~ 40
Bit rate: ~ 2,5
km
Gbps 2 Tbps
Use repeater
Bit rate: ~ 100
Mbps 1 Gbps
1976: Bell Labs developed first
room temperature semiconductor
lasers.

1980s

1970s

Source: LED, Multimode laser


Wavelength: 830
nm

12

Fiber: multi-mode
fiber
Fiber length: ~ 10
km
Use repeater
Bit rate: ~ 50
Mbps

1990s

Source: multiSource: single


mode laser, single
mode laser
mode laser
Wavelength: 8-32
Wavelength: 1310
wavelengths
nm
Fiber: single-mode
(MML), 1550 nm
fiber
(SML)
Fiber length: ~ 80
Fiber: single-mode
km
fiber
Use amplifier
Fiber length: ~ 40
Bit rate: ~ 2,5
km
Gbps 2 Tbps
Use repeater
Bit rate: ~ 100
Mbps 1 Gbps
1987: University of Southampton
developed Erbium doped fiber amplifier
operating at 1550nm.

1980s

1970s

Source: LED, Multimode laser


Wavelength: 830
nm

13

Applications: entertainment,
commercial, military, medical

14

Undersea cable map. 400Gbps or


1Tbps in 2013?

15

Course content

Optical fiber chapter 2


Source chapter 3
Receiver chapter 4
Point-to-Point link chapter 5
SONET/SDH (1st generation) chapter 6
WDM (2nd generation) chapter 7

Block-diagram of an Optical System


16

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