CAPACITOR

PROJECTED BY,
MR.: SAURABH GAIKWAD.

What is Capacitor?
Capacitor is also known as condenser. This is one
of the passive components like res
istor. Capacitor is generally used to store the charg
e. In capacitor the charge is stored in the form of
electrical field. Capacitors play a major role in ma
ny electrical and electronic circuits.

Capacitor symbols
Capacitor
Polarized capacitor
Variable capacitor

CONSTRUCTION OF A CAPACITOR:

WORKING OF CAPACITOR:
Definition:
A capacitor is an electronic device that is used to store
electrical energy. They are only used to store the electrons
and they are not capable of producing them.

CLASSIFICATION OF CAPACITOR:

Types of Capacitor
There are a very, very large variety of different types of
capacitor available in the market place and each one has its own set of
characteristics and applications, from very small delicate trimming
capacitors up to large power metal-can type capacitors used in high
voltage power correction and smoothing circuits.

1. Aluminium Electrolytic Capacitors

2. Tantalum Electrolytic Capacitors
Dielectric Capacitor
Film Capacitor
Radial Lead Type
Axial Lead Type
Ceramic Capacitors
Electrolytic Capacitors

ADVANTAGE OF CAPACITOR:

Long life, with little degradation over hundreds of thousands of cycles.

Low cost per cycle.
Good reversibility.
Very high rates of charge and discharge.
Extremely low internal resistance (ESR) and consequent high cycle
efficiency (95% or more) and extremely low heating levels
High output power
High specific power. According to ITS (Institute of Transportation Studies,
Davis, California) test results, the specific power of electric double-layer
capacitors can exceed 6 kW/kg at 95% efficiency[12]
Improved safety, no corrosive electrolyte and low toxicity of materials.
Rapid charging supercapacitors charge in seconds.
Simple charge methods no full-charge detection is needed; no danger of
overcharge.

 DISADVANTAGE OF CAPACITOR:

The amount of energy stored per unit weight is considerably lower than
that of an electrochemical battery (3-5 Wh/kg for an ultracapacitor as of
2010[citation needed] compared to 30-40 Wh/kg for a lead acid battery),
and about 1/10,000th the volumetric energy density of gasoline.
As with any capacitor, the voltage varies with the energy stored. Effective
storage and recovery of energy requires complex electronic control and
switching equipment, with consequent losses of energy
Has the highest dielectric absorption of any type of capacitor.
High self-discharge the rate is considerably higher than that of an
electrochemical battery.
Cells have low voltages serial connections are needed to obtain higher
voltages. Voltage balancing is required if more than three capacitors are
connected in series.
Linear discharge voltage prevents use of the full energy spectrum.

APPLICATION OF CAPACITOR:
The most suitable way to summarise the various types
of capacitor and the applications for which these
electronic capacitors are suited is in a table. This
incorporates many of the different capacitor parameters
from available ranges to performance, tolerance, etc.
However when making a choice of capacitor for a
particular use, then its performance should be
investigated for the given application.

TABLE OF CAPACITOR USES AND APPLICATIONS

CAPACITOR APPLICATION

Power supply smoothing applications

Audio frequency coupling uses

RF coupling capacitor applications

RF decoupling applications

Tuned circuit uses

SUITABLE TYPES WITH REASONS DETAILS &

COMMENTS

Aluminium electrolytic High capacity

and high ripple current capability **
Aluminium Electrolytic: High capacitance
Tantalum: High capacitance and small size
Polyester / polycarbonate : Cheap, but values not
as high as those available with electrolytics
Ceramic COG: Small, cheap and low loss
Ceramic X7R: Small and cheap but higher loss
than COG, although high capacitance per volume
Polystyrene: Very low loss, but larger and more
expensive than ceramic
Ceramic COG: Small, low loss, but values limited
to around 1000 pF max.
Ceramic X7R: Small, low loss, higher values
available than for COG types
Silver mica: Close tolerance, low loss and stable,
but high cost
Ceramic COG: Close tolerance, low loss, although
not as good as silver mica

CONCLUCION OF CAPACITOR: