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Table of Contents
1

WHAT IS HYDROGEN FUEL?

WHY HYDROGEN ENERGY?

VARIOUS METHODS TO PRODUCE HYDROGEN

STORAGE FORMS OF HYDROGEN

POLYMER ELECTYROLYTIC MEMBRANE

ALKALINE ELECTROLYSIS

APPLICATION

CLIMATIC CHANGES

LIST OF REFERENCES / BIBILIOGRAPHY

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What is hydrogen fuel ?

Hydrogen fuel is an environmentally friendly fuel that could reduce the
dependency on imported oil.
It is abundant and made up of single proton and electron
It is doesnt really exist as a separate form of matter.

Is hydrogen fuel really an eco-friendly fuel?

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Why hydrogen energy?

Hydrogen has a high energy
density

Can be generated from water using

renewable energy

Used to power fuel cell

vehicles
No carbon-containing
products
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Various methods to produce hydrogen

Steam reforming of methane gas
CH4(g) + H2O(g) CO(g)+ 3H2(g)

Hydrogen from coal (gasification)

Coal + H2O(g) + O2 syngas
Syngas = H2 + CO + CO2 + CH4

Electrolysis of water
2H2O(l) 2H2(g) + O2(g)
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Possible storage forms for hydrogen

Storage Form

Advantages

Compressed gas

Reliable
Higher capital and
operating costs.
Indefinite storage time
Easy to use
Heat can cause
container rupture

Liquid

High density at low

pressure

High cost
Low temperatures
needed

Metal Hydride

High volume
efficiencies
Easy recovery
Very safe

Expensive materials
Heavy storage tanks

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Disadvantages

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Polymer Electrolytic Membrane (PEM)

PEM is a semipermeable membrane generally made from ionomers and
designed to conduct protons while being impermeable to gases such as
oxygen or hydrogen.

Reaction :At anode:- H2O O2 + 2H+ + 2eAt cathode :- 2H+ + 2e- H2

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Alkaline Electrolysis
It is a type of electrolyser that is characterized by having two
electrodes operating in a liquid alkaline electrolyte solution of
potassium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide.

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Applications
Hydrogen-powered cars :- It involves in numerous industry partnership to
advance automotive electrification and reduce carbon emission.
Hydrogen-powered buses:- In various cities including San Francisco and
Berlin, we are delivering the fuelling infrastructure to support H 2-powered
public bus services.
Hydrogen-powered forklift trucks:- Market-leaders such as Walmart and
BMW rely on fuelling technologies from Linde to decarbonise internal
logistics and materials handling services.
Hydrogen in houses and office:- Hydrogen fuel cells will power and heat
homes and offices. Hopefully this will start in about 10 years.
The hydrogen will come from natural gas that has gone through a reformer.
Hydrogen cars can be refueled in the garage by a hydrogen powered house.
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Environment/Climate Change

Estimated volume of carbon releases from passenger cars and light-duty trucks:
current hydrogen production technologies (fossil fuels), 20002050. Source: NAS
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Conclusion
Hydrogen fuel cells are efficient, and clean
Also expensive, and require specific humidity, temperature, pressure
With more technological advancements, could be used in mass
production for various applications
Not an instant fix for the energy crisis, but definitely a major component
Some industry leaders are even attempting to create a hydrogen hybrid
vehicle.
Only time will tell where it all goes

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References
How Does a Fuel Cell Work.
http://www.utcfuelcells.com/fuelcell/how_fl.shtml
Hydrogen Fuel Initiative Can Make Fundamental Difference:
Remarks by the President on Energy Independence.
http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/release/2003/02
Lavelle, Marianne. Living Without Oil. US News and World
Report. 17 Feb.2003. Page 32.
Rifkin, Jeremy. The Hydrogen Economy. Tarcher/Putnam. New
York. 2002.
U.S. Oil Imports - Top 10 Countries of Origin.
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