Vous êtes sur la page 1sur 31

Year 9 CSC

Forces and
their Effects
1 of 20
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Contents

Forces and their Effects


Feel the force
Friction
Forces in water
Weight and mass
Summary activities
1 of 20
2
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

What is a force?
A force is a push or a pull. A force cannot be seen but you
can see how a force affects an object.

1 of 20
3
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

What are forces?

1 of 20
4
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

What type of force?

1 of 20
5
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Types of forces
All forces involve interactions between
objects. There are several different
types.
Gravity and magnetism are forces
that can act over distances. They are
non-contact forces.
Friction and upthrust are forces that
involve direct contact between
objects. They are contact forces.
All types of forces can occur whether objects are still or moving.
What forces are acting during this rocket launch?
1 of 20
6
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Forces affecting objects

1 of 20
7
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Forces changing an objects shape

1 of 20
8
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Measuring forces

1 of 20
9
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Balanced forces

There are two wind machines applying forces to the ice skater.
The forces acting on the skater are equal in magnitude and
opposite in direction.
The forces are balanced, so they cancel each other out.
The skater does not move.
1 ofof20
10
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

When forces are balanced


balanced forces
10 N

10 N

If you link two newtonmeters and pull equally hard from both
ends, the forces recorded on both will be the same.
The forces acting on the central hooks cancel each other out
they are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.
Because the forces are balanced the hooks do not move.

1 ofof20
11
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Unbalanced forces

What if only one wind machine is blowing on the skater?


The forces acting on her are no longer balanced so she
will start to move to the left. Her speed will change this
is called acceleration.
Unbalanced forces lead to a change in speed or direction.
1 ofof20
12
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

When forces are unbalanced


unbalanced forces
10 N

11 N
movement

What happens if the pull on one end is greater than the pull
on the other end?
The forces acting on the hooks are no longer balanced.
Both hooks will start to move to the left their speed will
change. This is called acceleration.
Unbalanced forces lead to a change in speed or direction.
1 ofof20
13
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Balanced or unbalanced forces?


In which direction will these stationary objects move?

1 ofof20
14
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Contents

Forces and their Effects


Feel the force
Friction
Forces in water
Weight and mass
Summary activities
1 ofof20
15
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

What is friction?
If you rub your hands
together they get warm.
There is resistance to the
rubbing motion.
What is the name of this
resistive force called?
It is called friction.
What causes this force?
Your hands might look smooth, but on a microscopic level
they have rough surfaces. So when you rub your hands
together you feel the resistive force of friction.

1 ofof20
16
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

More about friction


Friction always tries to slow moving objects down.
We say it opposes motion.
Friction is created whenever two touching objects or
surfaces move past each other.
Friction also occurs when things move through air.
This is called air resistance or drag.
There is a maximum value for the frictional force
which depends on:
the force pushing the two surfaces together;
the state of the surfaces in contact.

1 ofof20
17
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

What are the sources of friction?


Label all sources of friction that can act on this bike.
brake pad
and rim
wheel
bearing

pedal bearing
wheel bearing
air
resistance
or drag
One
more? Probably
the most important

tyre and road


1 ofof20
18
24

links in chain
Boardworks Ltd 2005
2004

Effects of frictional forces

1 ofof20
19
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Contents

Forces and their Effects


Feel the force
Friction
Forces in water
Weight and mass
Summary activities
1 ofof20
20
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Forces in water
What is thrust?

The force that pushes an object forward.

What is upthrust? The force that pushes an object upwards


in a liquid or a gas, also called buoyancy.

upthrust

friction

thrust

weight
1 ofof20
21
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Ferry forces
Label the forces acting on the ferry as it sails to France.

upthrust
or buoyancy
air
resistance
friction

thrust

weight
1 ofof20
22
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Changing forces
The ferry arrives at Calais and is loaded with travellers.

What happens to the weight of the ship?

increases

What happens to the upthrust on the ship?

increases

Which is the largest force - weight or upthrust? both equal


1 ofof20
23
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Contents

Forces and their Effects


Feel the force
Friction
Forces in water
Weight and mass
Summary activities
1 ofof20
24
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

What are mass and weight?


Mass and weight are not the same!
Mass is the amount of matter in an object and is
measured in kilograms. Mass is not a force.
Mass will have the same value anywhere in the Universe,
including space.
Weight is a force and is caused by the pull of gravity
acting on a mass . Like other forces, weight is measured
in newtons and has both magnitude and direction.
Weight has different values depending on where you are
in the Universe.

1 ofof20
25
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Weight and mass on the Moon


The force of gravity is less on the
Moon than it is on Earth. This is
because the Moon has a smaller
mass than the Earth.
Any object will weigh less on the
Moon than it does on Earth.
An astronaut could jump 20 feet
into the air on the Moon because
gravity is less.
However, the astronaut still has the
same body and the same mass: he
just weighs less because gravity is
weaker on the Moon.
1 ofof20
26
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Talking about weight and mass


A scientist should never say:
She weighs 50 kilograms,
but should always say:
She has a mass of 50 kilograms.
Alternatively, the scientist could say:
The gravitational force acting on her mass is
about 500 newtons.
This is the same as saying:
Her weight is about 500 newtons.

1 ofof20
27
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Contents

Forces and their Effects


Feel the force
Friction
Forces in water
Weight and mass
Summary activities
1 ofof20
28
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Glossary
air resistance A frictional force that acts against an
object moving through air.

force A push or a pull, measured in newtons (N).


friction A force that occurs between two surfaces
rubbing against each other.

gravity The force of attraction between two objects.


mass The amount of matter that an object is made of,
measured in kilograms (kg).

thrust A force that pushes an object forwards.


upthrust A force that pushes an object upwards.
weight The force caused by gravity acting on an object,
measured in newtons (N).

1 ofof20
29
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Anagrams

1 ofof20
30
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Multiple-choice quiz

1 ofof20
31
24

Boardworks Ltd 2005


2004

Vous aimerez peut-être aussi