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Chapter 9
9-1
Learning Objective 1
Apply the concept of materiality
to the audit.
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Materiality
It is a major consideration in determining
the appropriate audit report to issue.
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Materiality
The auditors responsibility is to determine
whether financial statements are
materially misstated.
If there is a material misstatement,
the auditor will bring it to the clients
attention so that a correction can be made.
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Allocate preliminary
Step judgment about
2 materiality to
segments
2010 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 13/e, Arens/Elder/Beasleyr
Planning
extent
of tests
9-5
Evaluating
results
Compare combined
Step
estimate with judgment
5
about materiality
2010 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 13/e, Arens/Elder/Beasleyr
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Learning Objective 2
Make a preliminary judgment
about what amounts to
consider material.
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Guidelines
Accounting and auditing standards
do not provide specific materiality
guidelines to practitioners.
Professional judgment is to be used
at all times in setting and applying
materiality guidelines.
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Learning Objective 3
Allocate preliminary materiality
to segments of the audit
during planning.
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Learning Objective 4
Use materiality to evaluate
audit findings.
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Account
Cash
Accounts receivable
Inventory
Total estimated
misstatement amount
Preliminary judgment
about materiality
Known
Misstatement
Tolerable
and Direct
Misstatement Projection
$ 4,000
20,000
36,000
Sampling
Error
Total
$ 2,000
12,000
31,500
N/A
6,000
15,750
$ 2,000
18,000
47,250
$45,500
$16,800
$62,300
$50,000
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Learning Objective 5
Define risk in auditing.
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Risk
Auditors accept some level of risk
in performing the audit.
An effective auditor recognizes that
risks exist, are difficult to measure,
and require careful thought to respond.
Responding to risks properly is critical
to achieving a high-quality audit.
2010 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 13/e, Arens/Elder/Beasleyr
9 - 17
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Inherent
risk
Medium
High
Low
Control
risk
Medium
Low
Low
Acceptable
audit risk
Low
Low
Low
Planned
Medium
detection risk
Medium
High
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Capital acquisition
and repayment
cycle
Inherent
risk
High
Low
Control
risk
High
Medium
Acceptable
audit risk
Low
Low
Planned
detection risk
Low
Medium
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Learning Objective 6
Describe the audit risk model
and its components.
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Learning Objective 7
Consider the impact of
engagement risk on
acceptable audit risk.
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Likelihood
of financial
difficulties
Management
integrity
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Learning Objective 8
Consider the impact of several
factors on the assessment
of inherent risk.
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Learning Objective 9
Discuss the relationship of
risks to audit evidence.
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Factors
influencing
risks
Inherent
risk
Planned
detection
risk
I
Planned
audit
evidence
D
Control risk
D = Direct relationship; I = Inverse relationship
2010 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 13/e, Arens/Elder/Beasleyr
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Measurement Limitations
One major limitation in the application of the
audit risk model is the difficulty of measuring
the components of the model.
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Relationships of Risk to
Evidence
Acceptable Inherent
audit risk risk
Control
risk
Planned
detection
risk
High
Low
Low
High
Low
Low
Low
Low
Medium
Medium
Low
High
High
Low
High
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
Medium
High
Low
Medium
Medium
Medium
Situation
Amount of
evidence
required
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Learning Objective 10
Discuss how materiality and risk
are related and integrated into
the audit process.
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Relationship of Tolerable
Misstatement and Risks to
Planned Evidence
Acceptable
audit risk
Inherent
risk
D
I
Planned
detection risk
I
D
I
Planned
audit evidence
D
Control
risk
Tolerable
misstatement
D = Direct relationship; I = Inverse relationship
2010 Prentice Hall Business Publishing, Auditing 13/e, Arens/Elder/Beasleyr
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End of Chapter 9
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