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Petrel Workflow
Tools
Stratigraphic
Modeling

Seismic

Structural
Modeling

Domain
Conversion

3D Grid
Construction
Property
Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Geometrical,
Facies &
Petrophysical
Modeling

Plotting

Pillar
Make
Gridding Horizons
Zones &
Make contacts
& Optional
Layering
Volume
Calculation
Workfow
Editor
Uncertainty
Well Design

Intro to Petrel
Import data
Edit Input Data

Seismic

Seismic Visualization
Complete

Visualize data in 3D, 2D (Base Map)

and Interpretation windows
Create arbitrary and aligned seismic
random lines
Crop a volume
Volume rendering
Realizing a cube
Create a well intersection fence

Visualize data in 3D, 2D (Base Map) and Interpretation

windows

Result
s in
3D

Results in
2D

Seismic Visualization

Create an Interpretation
Window

We can
zoom and
interpretati
on for each
intersection

Seismic Visualization

Crop a
volume

Crop have function that cutting

part away volume help work area
more convenience

Seismic
Visualization

Realize a
volume

Realization is process copy data

seismic 3D or 2D .It can define
amplitude and adjust pixel

Seismic
Visualization

Displaying Well
Data in Time

Input Check shots to

display time depth
relation

Seismic
Visualization

Random Lines
-Well Section
Fence

Well section fence

used for create
seismic crossing each
well

Seismic
Visualization

Seismic Interpretation
Complete

Horizon Interpretation
- Guided and Seeded
autotracking
- Editing the interpretation
Fault Interpretation

3D
autotracking

Seismic Interpretation

2D autotracking

Seismic Interpretation

Fault
interpretation

Seismic Interpretation

Petrel Workflow Tools

Domain
Conversi
on

Stratigraphic
Modeling

Structural
Modeling

3D Grid
Construction
Property
Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Geometric
al, Facies
&
Petrophys
ical
Modeling

Pillar
Make
Gridding Horizons
Zones &
MakeLayering
Optional
Plotting
contacts &
Volume
Calculation
Workfow Editor
Uncertainty
Well Design

Intro to Petrel
Import data
Edit Input Data

Edit Input Data

Seismic

Editing Input Data

Complete

Make/edit Polygons
Make/edit Surfaces
Use Surfaces calculator
Create General Intersection

Editing Input Data

Introduction

Make/edit Surface 2D,3D define Cross Section Plane

( General Intersection), define Vertical Well Section, use
Surface Caculator
Process

Use for

Make/edit
Polygons

Make Boundary

Make/edit
Surface

Make/edit 2D,3D
database on lines,
point,
polygons,3D
seismic lines,
surfaces, bitmaps
or well tops

From 3D interpretation, we make

surface and define boundary from Top
tarbert

Editing Input
Data

Make Polygons/ Points

Editing Input Data

By active make/edit polygons, we create boundary by

data 3D semic Interperation in 2D window ( use with Top
Tarbet) we have Polygon
Polygon
Surface
more
accurated
Limit
boundary
in Volume
calculation

Make
Surfaces

From raw data in 3D

seismic interperation
and polygon have
been genarated,we
make surface
Before

Surfaces use for

A)Display
B) Caculation
volume
C) Input for 3D
grid After

Edit a
surface

By tools smooth area and peak remove, we

adjust surface more suitable
Before

After

Calculation in
setting

Before

After

Editing Input
Data

Surface
calculator
Thickness_map

VD

General
intersection

Can also
use
seismic
data to
observe

Use intersection help

observe surface
intresection

Editing Input
Data

Well
Correlation

Petrel Workflow Tools

Stratig
raphic
Modeli
ng

Domain
Conversion

Structural
Modeling

3D Grid
Construction
Property
Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Geometrical,
Facies &
Petrophysical
Modeling

Plotting

Pillar
Gridding

Make
Horizons
Zones &
Make contacts
&Optional
Layering
Volume
Calculation
Workflow Editor
Uncertainty
Well Design

Intro to Petrel
Import data
Edit Input Data

Seismic

Well Correlation
Complete

Create and display data in a Well

section window
Well section settings
Track and log settings
Use the Log Calculator
Make/edit Well tops
Well top spreadsheet

Well
section
window

Flatten on
Well Tops

Flattening on Well Tops is used to correlate

intervals

Well
Correlation

Log
Calculat
or

Use the Log calculator to create/edit and

perform operations on logs.

Make/Edit
Well Tops

Move existing well tops - click on the

well top and drag it to move it to a new
position.

Well Tops
Spreadsheet

Well Correlation

3D grid
Construction

Petrel Workflow
Tools

Domain
Conversion

Stratigraphic
Modeling

Structural
Modeling

3D Grid
Construction
Property
Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Geometrical,
Facies &
Petrophysical
Modeling

Plottin
g

Pillar
Make
Griddi
Horizons
ng
Zones &
Make contacts
&
Optional
Layering
Volume
Calculation
Workfow Editor
Uncertainty
Well Design

Intro to Petrel
Import data
Edit Input Data

Seismic

3D grid Construction
How to start the initial build of a 3D grid in Petrel will be
covered in this module. The use of fault interpretations
and surfaces as input for building the 3D grid will be
demonstrated
Complete
Learn About the Input Used to Build
the 3D grid
Fault Interpretations
Surfaces from Horizon Interpretations
Understand the Main Methods Used to
Build a 3D grid
Make simple grid
Corner point gridding
Structural framework

Input data for 3D grid Construction

Surfaces

Horizon Interpretation

Fault sticks

Fault polygons

Different ways of constructing a 3D

Grid

Input
to
fault
model

Corner
point
Gridding:
Fault
modeling
Horizon
modelin
g

Structural
Framewor
k: Fault
framewo
rk
modeling

Corner point gridding

Pillar
Griddin
g

Make
Simpl
e Grid

Make
Horizon
s
Make
zones
Layerin
g
Property
Modeling
Volume
calculati
on

Make simple grid

process

Surfaces Input data

Make simple grid

3D grid Construction

Make Zones

Layering

Generates a simplified version of a 3D grid using

surfaces as input which defines the resulting
horizons. Further diveded into subdivisions through
zonation and layering processes.

Corner point gridding vs. Structural framework

Fault Input data

Structural framework

Fault framework modeling

Horizon modeling

Corner point gridding

Fault Modeling Pillar Gridding Make Horizons Make Zones

Layering

Corner point gridding Fault

3D grid Construction
modeling process
The Corner Point gridding processes includes the use
of the Fault modeling and the Pillar gridding processes
together to create a skeleton framework.
Fault
mode
ling

Structural framework Fault

framework modeling

3D grid Construction

Structural framework
Horizon modeling

3D grid Construction

Petrel Workflow
Tools

Pillar Gridding

Domain
Conversi
on

Structural
Modeling

Pillar
Make
Grid
Horizons
ding
Zones &
MakeLayering
Optional
Plotting
contacts &
Volume
Calculation

3D Grid
Construction
Property
Modeling

Geometric
Well Log al, Facies
&
Upscale
Petrophys
ical
Modeling

Workfow Editor
Uncertainty
Well Design

Intro to Petrel
Import data
Edit Input Data

Seismic Stratigraphic
Modeling

Pillar Gridding

Build the framework of the 3D grid by using the Pillar

Gridding process in Petrel . Faults and fault directions,
the use of boundaries, segment generation and how to
add trends will be covered. Also,demonstration of how
to refine the grid will be given
Complete
Define the Process of Pillar Gridding

QC of Skeletons
Intersections and Segments

Befor
e

After

Structural framework

Fault framework modeling

Corner point gridding

Fault modelingPillar Gridding Make Horizons

Make Zones

Layering

Result in 3D
view

Pillar Gridding

When clicking OK in the Pillar Gridding dialog, Petrel will

generate a new 3D grid in the Models pane. This will
contain three skeleton grids:
Top
skeleton

Mid
skeleton

Base
skeleton

Result in 3D
view

Pillar Gridding

QC Intersections

Pillar Gridding

QC
Segments

Pillar Gridding

Petrel Workfow Tools

Structural
Modeling

Property
Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Geometrical,
Facies &
Petrophysical
Modeling

Plotting

Pillar
Griddin
Make
g
Horizons
Make contacts Optional
& Volume
Calculation
Well Design

3D Grid
Construction

Uncertainty

Domain
Conversion

Stratigraphic
Modeling

Workfow Editor

Edit Input Data

Import data

Intro to Petrel

Seismic

Make Horizons Process

Structural framework
Add the main horizons that
will create the framework of
the model. Normally these
are seismic interpretations
or gridded surfaces.
Horizon modeling
Corner point gridding

Fault modeling
Pillar Gridding
Make Horizons

Make Zones

Layering

Different ways of constructing a 3D

Grid
Corner
point
Gridding:
Fault
modeling
Input to
fault
model

Horizon
modeling
Structural
Framewor
k: Fault
framewo
rk
modelin
g

Corner point gridding

Pillar
Gridding

Make
Horizons
Make zones
Layering

Make
Simple
Grid

Property
Modeling
Volume
calculation

Make Horizons
Objectives
Provide Overview of Stratigraphic
Subdivisions in Petrel
Gain Understanding of the Make Horizons
process
Define number of horizons (depending on input
data)
Define horizon type (geological)

Settings Tab
Algorithms

Faults Tab
Fault matrix setup and options
Extrapolation options towards fault plane

Quality Check Methods

Extra

1. Provide Overview of Stratigraphic Subdivisions in Petrel

Surfac
e

Horizo
n

2. Gain Understanding of the Make

Horizons process
Erosional Horizons below will be
truncated
Discont Horizons below and above
will be truncated
Base Horizons above will be
truncated
Conformable Will be truncated by
all the other horizons

3. Setting Tab

4.1 Fault Tab

Fault matrix setup and options

4.2-Fault Tab
Extrapolation options towards fault plane

4.3 Setting
Fault
No Active
Fault

Active Fault

5. Quality Check Methods & Horizon

Lines
Surfac
e

Horizo
n

6. Make horizons Final

Petrel Workfow Tools

Structural
Modeling

Property
Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Geometrical,
Facies &
Petrophysical
Modeling

Plottin
g

Make
Horizons
Zones &
Make contacts
Optional
Layering
& Volume
Calculation

Pillar
Gridding

Well Design

3D Grid
Construction

Uncertainty

Domain
Conversi
on

Stratigrap
hic
Modeling

Workfow Editor

Edit Input Data

Import data

Intro to Petrel

Seismic

Domain Conversion
Objectives
Depth conversion principles and its
application in Petrel
Build a Velocity Model
Make velocity model process
Define zones
Specify corrections
Choose velocity methods and input
Set Output
Depth Convert the 3D grid using the
Velocity Model
Perform General Depth Conversion

Depth conversion in
Petrel
Depth Conversion is a 2 step process:

1. Velocity model

2. Depth conversion

Bridges the gap between

time and depth domain

Uses a Velocity model to

calculate Depth/Time
relationship

There are several ways of doing

domain conversion: From traditional
velocity methods (Linvel equation) to
more innovative approaches

There are two processes:

Depth convert active 3D grid (your
3D model)
General depth conversion
(surfaces, interpretations, seismic and
points from the Input pane)

Time
domain

Depth

Velocity model
Time -> depth conversion
Depth -> time conversion

domain

Velocity model: The Layer-cake

approach

Layer-cake approach
Each lithologic unit is defined with a
different mathematical function.
Intervals are defined based on distinct
velocity trends.
It is calculated vertically, starting from
datum, progressing downwards and
taking one zone at a time
You will have to:
1. Define the velocity model for
every zone
2. Input parameters for the velocity
model
3. Apply corrections if required

1. Depth conversion principles and its

application in Petrel

Application
Corner
point
Gridding:
Fault
modeling
Input to
fault
model

Horizon
modeling
Structural
Framewor
k: Fault
framewo
rk
modelin
g

Corner point gridding

Pillar
Gridding

Make
Horizons
Make zones
Layering

Make
Simple
Grid

Property
Modeling
Volume
calculation

2. Build a Velocity
Model

2. Build A Velocity Model

4 Step to Make Velocity Model
1. Define the Zone

2. Define the
Correction

3. Define the Velocity Equation

Constant
Surface
Horizon

Constant
Surface
Horizon
Well tops
None

V=V0=VInt
4. Enter the Input for the Equation
V=V0+KZ
Define V0 (constant or surface)
V=V0+K(Z-Z0)
Define K (constant or surface)
V=V0+KT
Avg cube
Avg property
Same as above

Result Velocity model

3. Depth Convert 3D Grid

3. Depth Convert 3D Grid (Result)

4. General Depth Conversion

Objects that can be
converted using the
General Depth
Conversion process
include:
Surfaces
Seismic Horizons
Seismic Faults
Seismic surveys
Fault interpretations
Points

4. General Depth Conversion (Result)

Petrel Workfow Tools

Structural Modeling

Property Modeling

Well Log Upscale

Geometrical, Facies
& Petrophysical
Modeling

Plotting

Pillar
Gridding

Zones & Layering

Make contacts & Optional

Volume Calculation

Well Design

3D Grid
Construction

Uncertainty

Domain
Conversion

Stratigraphic
Modeling

Workfow Editor

Edit Input Data

Import data

Intro to Petrel

Seismic

Make Zones and Layering

Objectives
Isochore Processing
1. Create Isochore Points
2. Make Isochore Surface
Introduce the Make Zones and Layering Process
Discuss stratigraphic Intervals
Set parameters for Making zones and Layering
Apply adjustments to Well Tops
QC Results in 3D
Corner point gridding

Fault Modeling

Pillar Gridding

Make Horizons

Make Zones

Layering

Different ways of constructing a 3D Grid

Corner
point
Gridding:
Fault
modeling
Input to
fault
model

Horizon
modeling
Structural
Framewor
k: Fault
framewo
rk
modelin
g

Corner point gridding

Pillar
Gridding

Make
Horizons
Make zones
Layering

Make
Simple
Grid

Property
Modeling
Volume
calculation

1. Isochore Processing- Definition

Isochore:
vertically

Isopach:
Thickness between two horizons measured
normal to horizon surfaces

Thickness between two horizons measured

Zo
ne

N
H ew
or
iz
on

H
on ori
z

Stratigraphic
Well top

Isochore thickness point

Isopach
SubZone

1.1 Create Isochore

Points

1.2 Make Isochore

Surface

2. Introduce the Make Zones

2.1 Make Zone

Process

2.1 Make Zones process - Results

Before

After

2.2 Make Zones - Stratigraphic

Intervals

2.3 Make Zones - Parameter Settings

Build from

Volume correction

Build along

Top Horizon
Isochores added
from top of
interval

Proportional
correction
Will split the error
proportionally into
the zones according
to its relative
thickness.

Vertical
Thickness (TVT)

Base Horizon
Isochores added
from base of
interval

Equal correction
Will split the error
into equal
proportions for each
zone.

Stratigraphic
Thickness (TST)

Both Base and

Top Horizon
only active if a
Rest zone is
defined (all zones
build towards it)

None correction
Will not make
volume corrections
for all zones

Along Pillar use

when pillars are
close to vertical

2.4 - Make Zones Results

3 - Layering - Process
Defines the cells of the 3D Grid. It is the
final vertical subdivision of the framework.
The layers will be part of the Zone, and
will not have a direct filter like the Zones
do.
Corner Point Gridding

Fault Modeling

Pillar Gridding

Make Horizons

Make Zones

Layering

3.1 - Layering
Setting
Proportion
al
Follow
Base
Follow Top
Fractions
Follow
Base with
Reference

3.2 - Layering - Results

Types of zone
division:
Follow
base
Proportio
nal
Follow
top
Fractions
Follow top +
using a
depositional
surface
Note: It is always a good idea
to display edges in 3D to see
all updates before applying
the Make Zones and Layering
Processes.

3.2 - Layering Results (tt)

Petrel Workfow
Tools
Stratigraphic
Modeling

Structural Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Geometrical
Modeling

Plotting

Make Horizons
Zones & Layering

Make contacts &

Optional
Volume Calculation

Well Design

Property Modeling

Pillar
Gridding

Uncertainty

Domain
Conversion

3D Grid
Construction

Workflow Editor

Edit Input Data

Import data

Intro to Petrel

Seismic

Property modeling overview

The objective of Property modeling is to distribute properties
between the available wells so it realistically preserves the
reservoir heterogeneity and matches the well data.

Petrel
processes

Available Petrel tools for property

modeling
Property
calculator
Property
filters

Data analysis

Several other important

processes are:

Geometrical Modeling : Geometrical modeling by using to make

a bulk volume property and an above contact property, which can
later be used in the Volume Calculation process.
Up-scaling the logs : Assigning a value in every grid cell that is
penetrated by the wells, based on the raw log values. upscaling the
logs.
Property Modeling: The process of assigning property values in
between the well logs, based on information from the logs. It
includes Facies, Petrophysical and Geometrical modeling.

Geometrical Modeling Methods

The Geometrical modeling process generates properties based on
pre-defined system variables, mainly when no input data is
available. Each cell of the 3D grid gets one single averaged
property value.
Method examples

Examples of use

Bulk Volume

QC the negative cells of the 3D grid.

Cell angle

QC the orthogonality of the cells in the 3D grid.

Zone and segment QC the modelled grid for both zone and
index
segment.
Above contact

Used in SW calculations

Seismicresampling

Resamples the seismic into the 3D cells

Create Bulk Volume & apply value filter.

Create Cell angle & apply 1D filter.
Creating an above contact property (to be
used for SW calculation)etc

I. Bulk Volume Method:

Property Grid Filter Options

There are three types of property filters

I-J-K filter

Filters a row of cells in the I/ J direction and K

direction (1). With this filter there is also a
Property Player (2). It is useful for QC of
grid.

Index filter

It skips a user defined amount of cells in I-J-K

direction. It is useful for viewing a fence
diagram (3).

Value filter

Applies cut off between selected values of the property (4).

I direction.

J direction.

K direction.

Example of Index & Value Filter Application

Create a Bulk volume property from Geometrical modeling. It
is good for finding non-orthogonal cells and negative grid
cells when filtered:

Negative cells are

usually caused by
faults. Do a quality
control of the grid and
the fault model and
pillar grid.

Befor
e

Negative cells are

usually caused by
faults. Do a quality
control of the grid and
the fault model and
pillar grid.

After

+ This can be
due to bad pillar
gridding
+ Requires the
user to go back to
the Pillar Gridding
Process and fix the
grid

II. Cell Angle:

Create a Cell angle property from Geometrical modeling.
Quality check the orthogonality of the cells created during the
structural modeling, by viewing filtered cell angle deviation:

cells.
+
The values calculated are angles representing
the maximum
+
Deviation from 90 degrees at each corner.
+
Example:
* These distorted cells align along faults.
* As a rule of thumb, values less than 15 are
suitable for
simulation.
* Higher values may result in errors when used in
a typical
five-point difference scheme.

III. Above Contact:

to be used for SW calculation.
I
directio
n

IV. Well index: - To Filter Cell Angle

A-10 Well

A-15 Well

Visual filters for the 3D grid

There are several filtering options for the 3D grid. They can
all be combined or applied separately.
Method examples

Used for

Fault filter

After having generated horizons and zones, it

helps display only the faults related to a zone
to see the offsets on faults.

Zone filter

After having generated horizon and zones, you

can filter the zones.

Segment filter

After having generated the grid, it helps

display the horizons or properties within the
areas closed by faults, grid boundary, segment
boundaries or a combination of these.

Petrel Workfow Tools

Stratigraphic
Modeling

Structural Modeling

Property Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Geometrical, Facies &

Petrophysical
Modeling

Plotting

Make Horizons
Zones & Layering

Make contacts & Optional

Volume Calculation

Well Design

Domain
Conversion

Pillar
Gridding

Uncertainty

3D Grid
Construction

Workflow Editor

Edit Input Data

Import data

Intro to Petrel

Seismic

What is
Upscale..?
Before

After

Upscaling of Well Logs Objectives

Gain Understanding of Concept and Process
Understand and Use Discrete Logs
Averaging methods
Facies weighting
Understand and Use Continuous logs
Averaging methods
Biasing to a discrete log
Look at Different Scale-Up Settings
Treat log as lines or points
Method of which penetrated cells to use
QC of Upscaled Logs
Using well section window

The Scale up well logs process averages the values to the

cells in the 3D grid that are penetrated by the wells. Each cell
gets one value per upscaled log. These cells are later used as
a starting point for Property modeling.
Cells exist along the well
path.
Values assigned to cells
based on well log values
along the well path.

Upscaled logs used to fill

in the 3D grid.

NOTE: An upscaled property will have a

[U] following its name in the Property
folder in the Models pane.

Commonly used Averaging Methods

Averaging
method

Description

Most of

Used together with discrete logs, it will select the

discrete value which is most represented in the log for
each particular cell.

Arithmetic
mean

Typically used for additive properties such as porosity,

saturation and net/gross.

Harmonic
mean

Gives the effective vertical permeability if the reservoir is

layered with constant permeability in each layer. It works
well with lognormal distributions. It is sensitive to lower
values.

Geometric
mean

Normally a good estimate for permeability if it has no

spatial correlation and is lognormally distributed. It is
sensitive to lower values.

1.1 Averaging Discrete Logs

Averaging method
For Discrete

Description

Most of

Will select the discrete value which is most represented in the

log for each particular cell

Median

Will sort the input values and select the center value.

Minimun/Maxi Samples the min/max value of the well log for the cell.
mum
Mid Point
Pick

Will pick the log value where the well is halfway through the cell.

Random Pick

Picks a log point at random from anywhere within the cell.

1.2 - Biasing to a Discrete Log

2. Averaging Continuous Logs

Averaging
method

Description

Arithmetic
mean

Typically used for additive properties such as

porosity, saturation and net/gross.

Harmonic
mean

Gives the effective vertical permeability if the

reservoir is layered with constant permeability in
each layer. It works well with log normal
distributions. It is sensitive to lower values.

Geometric
mean

Normally a good estimate for permeability if it has no

spatial correlation and is log normally distributed. It
is sensitive to lower values.

Median

Will sort the input values and select the center value.

RMS (Root
Mean
Squared)

Will provide a strong bias towards high values.

Minimun/
Maximum

Samples the min/max value of the well log for the

cell.

Mid Point
Pick

Will pick the log value where the well is halfway

through the cell.

Random
Pick

Picks a log point at random from anywhere within the

cell.

Settings Treat Log as lines or points

Treat log

Description

As points

All sample values within each cell are used for averaging.

As Lines

If the midpoint of a line between two sample points is

inside a cell, the point outside the cell will be used in the
calculation.

Settings Method of which penetrated cells

to use
Method

Description

Simple

All cells penetrated by the well

trajectory are included

Through cell

The well trajectory must penetrate

two opposite cell walls

Neighbor cell

All penetrated cells are used but

cells in the same cell layer are
averaged.

Quality Checking Upscaled Logs

Petrel Workflow Tools

Stratigraphic
Modeling

Structural Modeling

Property Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Facies Modeling

Plotting

Make Horizons
Zones & Layering

Make contacts & Optional

Volume Calculation

Well Design

Domain
Conversion

Pillar
Gridding

Uncertainty

3D Grid
Construction

Workflow Editor

Edit Input Data

Import data

Intro to Petrel

Seismic

Facies Modeling Objectives

General Property Modeling Workfow
Discuss Different Facies Modeling Techniques
Deterministic techniques
Stochastic techniques
Learn How to use different Algorithms
Sequential Indicator Simulation
Object Modeling
fluvial channel
general object modeling
Interactive Modeling

Property modeling general workflow

Apprais
Explorati
al
on
Less data
More
uncertainty
Stochastic

Developm
ent

Product
ion

Pixel based Object based

EstimationInterpolationAddressed
Deterministic

More data
Less
uncertainty

Stochastic vs Deterministic modeling

methods
Stochastic
Deterministic
Random (Seed
number)
It generates different
equiprobable results
for different seed
numbers
Variable states are
described by
probability
distributions
It does not need
upscaled cells:
Unconditional
modeling
Allows more
complexity and

It is unlikely due to
unpredictable factors
It generates the same
result for a given set
of initial conditions
Variable states are
described by unique
values
Need upscaled cells
needs more data

Faster to run

Two algorithms
Sequential Indicator
Simulation (SIS)

Object modeling

Stochastic method using a

pixel
based technique

Stochatic method using an

object based technique

The facies shapes and

relationships may not be
clearly understood

- Capture geological details in

a more realistic manner

Sequential Indicator Simulation

Sequential Indicator Simulation

Result: Pixeled
Model

Object Modeling
Discrete fluvial facies
model

Object Modeling
Adding general
objects

Object Modeling
Adding Oxbow
facies

Object Modeling
Use trend data: Flow
line
-To constrain the facies
modeling
- Must not be in conflict
with the upscaled well logs

Object Modeling
Use trend data: Flow
line

Object Modeling
Use trend data: Sourse
Point

Petrel Workflow Tools

Stratigraphi
c
Modeling

Structural
Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Petrophysical
Modeling

Plotting

Well Design

Property Modeling

Make Horizons
Zones &
Layering
Make contacts & Optional
Volume
Calculation

Pillar
Gridding

Uncertainty

Domain
Conversio
n

3D Grid
Construction

Workflow Editor

Edit Input Data

Import data

Intro to Petrel

Seismic

Petrophysical Modeling Objectives

Discuss Different Petrophysical Modeling
Techniques
Deterministic techniques
Stochastic techniques
Learn How to Use Common Settings
Setting filters
Using many realizations
Learn How to Use Zone Settings
Define zones
Use The Different Stochastic Algorithms
Sequential Gaussian Simulation
Gaussian Random Function Simulation
QC results
Property Calculator

Algorithms covered in the course

1. Moving
Avarage
- This is a deterministic method which uses an interpolation
technique
- The algorithm finds an average of the input data and weighs
according to the distance from the wells

Gaussian Random Function Simulation

- This algorithm is a stochastic method and the technique is
pixel based
- The variability of the data will be honored, conditioning the
results to a previously modeled facies model

Petrophysical modeling - Common

tab

1. Use
filter
- Property filter, Zone filter
and Segment filter
- If you select this option,
all of the active filters
will be used, so make
sure that only the filter
you want to use is active

2. Number of
realizations

- Select this check box and

enter the number of
realizations to run, if more
than one

Petrophysical Modeling - Zone

Settings tab
1. Select the zone to
model
2. Select the method to be
used
3. Specify the settings for
the chosen algorithm for the
selected zone

Moving average
- The algorithm is fast and will
create
values for all cells

- It can also create bulls eyes if

the range of the input data is larg

Moving average
Histogram: use your geological knowledge to see if
the model represents the expected result (3D
property & upscaled logs)

Gaussian Random Function Simulation

1. Variogram and
- Create localTabs
variations away
distribution
from the upscaled well log
values
- Should be specified for each
of the facies

Gaussian Random Function Simulation

2. Co-kriging and Expert
tabs
- To steer the simulation using
the spatial distribution of a
secondary variable together
with a correlation coefficient
(Collocated co-kriging).

Gaussian Random Function Simulation

1. Define the Secondary
variable:
- Property: Usually a
continuous seismic attribute
volume that correlates with
the property to be modelle
- Horizontal surface
- Vertical function
2. Choose the Method:
- Local varying mean will
normal transform the data
before adding the residual
- Collocated co-kriging will
use a correlation coefficient
to calculate the contribution
of the secondary variable

Gaussian Random Function Simulation

Specify Variogram

Gaussian Random Function Simulation

Gaussian Random Function Simulation

Conditioning to Facies: A petrophysical model will be
created by using a facies model as input. This will
constrain the petrophysical values representing one
facies to that facies only

Property Calculator
There is a similar calculator associated with
the properties

Property Calculator
Result= Porosity Model1 + Porosity Model2 +
Porosity Model3

Petrel Workflow Tools

Stratigrap
hic
Modeling

Structural
Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Geometrical,
Facies &
Petrophysical
Modeling

Plottin
g

Make
contacts

Make
Horizons
Zones &
Optional
Layering

Well Design

Property
Modeling

Pillar
Gridding

Uncertainty

Domain
Conversi
on

3D Grid
Construction

Workfow Editor

Edit Input Data

Import data

Intro to Petrel

Seismic

Make Contacts Objectives

Define Fluid contacts
Oil Water Contacts, Gas Oil Contacts etc.
Visualize Fluid contacts
View contact lines only
View contacts as hydrocarbon zones on
surfaces
View the contacts in 3D
Create a Fluid contact Property
Make fluid properties between contacts

Define Fluid contacts

Purpose:
Enter different types of
contacts, such as constant
values, dipping contacts and
surfaces
Visualize the contacts
together with one of the
horizons =>Areal extent of
the hydrocarbon intervals.

Define Fluid contacts

OWC

GOC

Visualize Fluid contacts

Visualize the Contacts on a horizon: Fill horizons will
drape the contact over the horizon being visualized

Create a Fluid contact Property

3D
property
that
represent
s the
contacts

Petrel Workflow Tools

Structural
Modeling

Property
Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Geometrical,
Facies &
Petrophysical
Modeling

Plottin
g

Make
Horizons
Zones &
Volume Layering
Optional
Calculation

Pillar
Gridding

Well Design

3D Grid
Construction

Uncertainty

Domain
Conversi
on

Stratigrap
hic
Modeling

Workfow Editor

Edit Input Data

Import data

Intro to Petrel

Seismic

Volume Calculation
Since each cell is triangulated, it is possible to
cut the cell exactly, and hence, using exact
contacts

Volume Calculation
1. Creating a STOIIP Map
- Show the sum of STOIIP for every X, Y position in the
entire grid
- Where to expect the highest concentration of oil

Volume Calculation
2. STOIIP map on a depth
surface
Surface

Surface with the

STOIIP attribute

Petrel Workflow Tools

Stratigrap
hic
Modeling

Structural
Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Geometrical,
Facies &
Petrophysical
Modeling

Plottin
g

Well Design

Property
Modeling

Make
Horizons
Zones &
Make contacts
Optional
Layering
& Volume
Calculation

Pillar
Gridding

Uncertainty

Domain
Conversi
on

3D Grid
Construction

Workfow Editor

Edit Input Data

Import data

Intro to Petrel

Seismic

Workflow editor

Objectives

Workfow editor interface

Predefined workfows
Autogenerate a 3D model workflow
Autogenerate a mapping sequence

Workfow editor interface

Provides a
record of how
a model was
created
Automatically
update the
model after
the input data
has been
changed
Extracting
the details of
which input
data and
settings were
used

Autogenerate a 3D model
workflow
A simple adjustment of the layering in a 3D grid will
first be done to illustrate the Repeat all calculations on
the active 3D grid workflow

Autogenerate a 3D model
workflow

Befor
e

After

Autogenerate a mapping
sequence

Petrel Workflow Tools

Structural
Modeling

Property Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Geometrical,
Facies &
Petrophysical
Modeling

Plotting

Make Horizons
Zones &
Layering
Make contacts & Optional
Volume
Calculation

Pillar
Gridding

Well Design

3D Grid
Construction

Uncertainty

Domain
Conversio
n

Stratigraphi
c
Modeling

Workflow Editor

Edit Input Data

Import data

Intro to Petrel

Seismic

Uncertainty and Optimazation

Objectives
Overview
The principles of Uncertainty analysis
Checking the results
Visualizing the results

Overview

The principles of Uncertainty analysis

Checking the results

Visualizing the results

Petrel Workflow Tools

Stratigrap
hic
Modeling

Structural
Modeling

Well Log
Upscale

Geometrical,
Facies &
Petrophysical
Modeling

Plottin
g

Well Design

Property
Modeling

Make
Horizons
Zones &
Make contacts
Optional
Layering
& Volume
Calculation

Pillar
Gridding

Uncertainty

Domain
Conversi
on

3D Grid
Construction

Workfow Editor

Edit Input Data

Import data

Intro to Petrel

Seismic

Introduction

Well path design

Display
different
types of
data on it
Create
vertical
well
intersectio
n

Create
synthetic
logs along
the well path

K
Sw

Well path design

To tell
about all
exits and
entries of
each zone
To be
handled
over to the
drillers

Get well
points with
different
attributes

K
Sw

Well path design

Trajectory

Well path design

Porous
Intersection

Well path design

Reference

Petrel 2010 manual

Introduction course
2010
Geostatistical reservoir modeling

HANKS FOR YOUR ATTENTIO