OPEN SYSTEM

INTERCONNECTION
(OSI) MODEL

PRESENTED BY : ANUBHA

CONTENT

SLIDE
NUMBER

TOPIC

WHAT IS A PROTOCOL?

NEED OF OSI MODEL .

INTRODUCTION

WHY IT IS REQUIRED?

SEVEN LAYERS

APPLICATION LAYER

PRESENTATION LAYER

SESSION LAYER

TRANSPORT LAYER

10

NETWORK LAYER

11

DATA LINK LAYER

12

PHYSICAL LAYER

13

EACH LAYER PROTOCOL

14

CONCLUSION

15

BIBLIOGRAPHY

What is a PROTOCOL?

Formal description of message

format.
Rules that two computers must
follow in order to exchange
messages.

Ensures compatibility between systems.

Need of OSI model..

Before 1980, developing these protocols was the
responsibility of hardware manufactures. They develop
proprietary protocols to support their own products . With
these protocols we were not able to use mix equipment
from different manufactures on same network. To sort out
this issue , OPEN STANDARD PROTOCOLS were developed.
These are the industry wide protocols that are not tied with
a specific manufacturer company. With these open standard
protocols we can use equipment from any vendor to build
our network.

INTRODUCTION
Designed by International
standards organization in
1977.
Allows two different systems to
communicate.
Not a protocol; a model for
understanding and designing a
network architecture.
Consists 7 separate but
related layers.

WHY IT IS
REQUIRED?

Different types of hardware and software.

Different operating system.
Different types of data to be transferred.
Data must be transferred without errors.

WHY SO MANY LAYERS?

To reduce complexity.
To provide services to the adjacent layers.
To organize a network as a STACK of layers.

APPLICATION LAYER
Provide network services directly to the
users application.
Consider closest to the users
Example:

Web browser
Email software
Window explorer

PRESENTATION LAYER
Representative of the format to the
application layer.
Responsible for converting data into
standard format.
Tasks performed:

Encoding Decoding
Encryption Decryption
Compression decompression

Examples: ASCII, MP3

SESSION LAYER

Responsible for establishing, maintaining, synchronizing and

terminating network connections.
Establishes connection, reestablishes if lost, terminates when
finished.
Example: RPCs (remote procedure calls) and NFS (Network file
system).

TRANSPORT LAYER
Provides reliable mechanism for exchange
of data between two processes in different
computers.
Ensures error free data units, no duplicacy
and no loss of data units.
Provides connectionless or connection
oriented service.
Provides for the connection management.
Multiple connection over a single channel.

NETWORK LAYER
Responsible for delivery of individual
packets across multiple networks.
Support services to the transport layer and
data preparation to the data link layer.
ROUTING: Provide mechanisms to transmit
data over independent networks that are
linked together.

DATA LINK LAYER

Data packets are encoded and decoded into bits.
Furnishes transmission protocol.
Handles flow control, frame syncronization and
errors in physical layer.
Divided into two sub layers:
1.
Media access control
2.
Logical link control

PHYSICAL LAYER
Converts bits into signals for outgoing
messages and signals into bits for incoming
messages.
Manages computers interface to medium.
Sets timing and interpretation for signals.
Instructs drive software to send data across
the medium.
Translates incoming data to receiving
computer.

PROTOCOLS OF EACH LAYER

S.N
O
7
6

LAYERS

ASSOCIATED PROTOCOLS

APPLICATION

SNMP, FTP, TELNET, WWW, HTTP,

LAYER

TCP, NFS

PRESENTATION JPEG, MIDI, MPEG

LAYER

SESSION

RPC, SQL

LAYER
4

TRANSPORT

TCP, UDP, SPX, NET BEUI

LAYER
3

NETWORK

IP, IPX, ARP, RIPICMP

CONCLUSION

Not every network uses all of the models

layers. ISOS
intent in creating the OSI
model was not to describe every network
but to give protocol designers a map to
follow to aid in design. This model is useful
for conceptualizing network component to
demonstrate how they fir together to help
the computer with in network communicate.
The OSI reference model was formulated as
a
template
for
the
structure
of
communication system.
It was not intended that there should be
standard protocols associated with each
layer . Instead a number of different

BIBLIOGRAPHY

http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/OSI
http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/OSI_Layers.asp
https://www.google.co.in/?ion=1&espv=2#q=explanation+of+seven+lay
er+model
http://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?searchfrom=header&q=proto
col+of+osi+layer&ud=any&ft=all&lang=**&sort
=
http://www.slideshare.net/search/slideshow?ft=all&lang=%2A%2A&pag
e=1&q=osi+refrence+model&qid=05301284-2179-48ba-b44f-76e6169cb900
&searchfrom=header&sort

=&ud=any

THE
END