Rocas Granitoides

Granitoides (sensu lato): aplicado a un amplio rango de rocas

plutnicas felsicas

Enfasis en intrusivos de arcos non-continentales

Arcos Continentales en otro capitulo

Volcanicos Associados son comun y tienen mismo

origen, pero normalmente se encuentran erosionados

Rocas Granitoides
Unas generalizaciones:
1) La mayoria de los granitoides de gran volumen se encuentran en
areas donda la corteza continental ha sido espesada thickened por
orogenesis, o por subduccion de arco continental o por colision de
masas sialicas. Muchos granitos, sin embargo, pueden ser
posterioral al evento de colisin (y thickening) por varios decenas de
miliones de aos.
2) Como la corteza en su estado normal es slida, algo de distorcin
trmica es necesaria para generar granitoides.

3) La mayoria de los investigadores opinan que la gran parte de los

granitoides son derivados de la anatexis cortical, pero que el manto
tambin puede ser involucrado. La contribucin del manto puede
ser fuente de calor para anatexis de la corteza, o tambin puede ser
parcialmente fuente de material.

Rocas Granitoides
Backscattered electron image of a zircon from the
Strontian Granite, Scotland. The grain has a
rounded, un-zoned core (dark) that is an inherited
alto-temperature non-melted crystal from the pregranite source. The core is surrounded by a zoned
epitaxial igneous overgrowth rim, crystallized from
the cooling granite. From Paterson et al. (1992).

Rocas Granitoides
Table 18-1. The Various Types of Enclaves
Name

Nature

Margin

Shape

Features

Xenolith

piece of country
rocks

sharp to
gradual

angular
to ovoid

contact metamorphic
texture and minerals

Xenocryst

isolated foreign
crystal

sharp

angular

corroded
reaction rim

Surmicaceous
Enclave

residue of melting
(restite)

Schlieren

disrupted enclave

gradual

oblate

coplanar orientation

Felsic Microgranular Enclave

disrupted
fine-grained margin

sharp to
gradual

ovoid

fine-granied
igneous texture

Mafic Microgranular Enclave

Blob of coeval
mafic magma

mostly
sharp

ovoid

fine-granied
igneous texture

Cumulate Enclave
(Autolith)

disrupted
cumulate

mostly
gradual

ovoid

coarse-grained
cumulate texture

sharp,
lenticular metamorphic texture
biotite rim
micas, Al-rich minerals

After Didier and Barbarin (1991, p. 20).

Didier, J. and Barbarin (1991) The different type of enclaves in granites: Nomenclature. In J.
Didier and B. Barbarin (1991) (eds.), Enclaves in Granite Petrology.

Incompatibles
Tierras Raras
LIL

From Winter (2001) An

Introduction to Igneous and
Metamorphic Petrology. Prentice
Hall.

HFS

Representative Chemical
Analyses of Selected Granitoid
Types.

Norma CIPW

Elementos Mayores

Analisis quimicos representativos de tipos de Granitoides seleccionados.

Oxido
SiO2
TiO 2
Al2O3
FeO*
MnO
MgO
CaO
Na2O
K2O
P2O5
Total
q
or
ab
an
cor
di
hy
wo
ac
mt
il
hem
ns
Ni
Co
Cr
Cu
Zn
V
La
Ce
Nd
Sm
Eu
Gd
Tb
Dy
Yb
Lu
Rb
Ba
Sr
Pb
Zr
Hf
Th
Nb
Ta
U
Y

2
1
Plagiogr. Ascen.
68.0
71.6
0.7
0.2
14.1
11.7
6.6
4.0
0.1
0.1
1.6
0.2
4.7
0.1
3.5
5.5
0.3
4.7
0.1
99.6
98.1
31.9
23.1
1.8
28.3
29.6
36.8
21.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.7
0.4
9.4
4.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
4.8
3.2
0.0
1.3
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
2.2
12
9
8
4
13
4
11
3
1
4
1

91
274
122
17
2

3
Nigeria
75.6
0.1
13.0
1.3
0.0
0.1
0.5
3.9
4.7
0.0
99.3
31.7
28.2
35.6
2.5
0.7
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.0
0.0

4
M-type
67.2
0.5
15.2
4.1
0.1
1.7
4.3
4.0
1.3
0.1
98.4
25.5
7.8
36.6
20.1
0.0
0.8
6.0
0.0
0.0
2.1
0.7
0.0
0.0
2

5
I-type
69.5
0.4
14.2
3.1
0.1
1.4
3.1
3.2
3.5
0.1
98.5
27.5
21.2
29.4
14.4
0.0
0.6
4.1
0.0
0.0
2.0
0.6
0.0
0.0
8
10
20
9
48
57
31
66
30
6
1

6
S-type
70.9
0.4
14.0
3.0
0.1
1.2
1.9
2.5
4.1
0.2
98.3
33.7
25.1
23.2
8.4
2.8
0.0
3.7
0.0
0.0
2.1
0.6
0.0
0.0
11
10
30
9
59
49
27
61
28
6
1

45
99
3
116
166

42
56
72

18
236
282
5
108

3
1
164
519
235
19
150

3
1
245
440
112
27
157

1
1

20
11

19
13

0
22

5
31

5
32

16

5
1
4
38
124

17

97
3
1
7
1
0
30

1089
42
24
168
16

94
53
1

92

471
94
20
42
202
9
52
124

191

7
8
10 Q
11 X
12
9 +
A-type Archean Modern Av. Crust U. Crust L. Crust
73.8
69.8
68.1
57.3
66.0
54.4
0.3
0.3
0.5
0.9
0.5
1.0
12.4
15.6
15.1
15.9
15.2
16.1
2.7
2.8
3.9
9.1
4.5
10.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.6
0.3
0.8
0.2
1.2
1.6
5.3
2.2
6.3
0.8
3.2
3.1
7.4
4.2
8.5
4.1
4.9
3.7
3.1
3.9
2.8
4.7
1.8
3.4
1.1
3.4
0.3
0.0
0.1
0.2
98.9
99.7
99.6
100.7
100.2
100.8
28.6
24.0
22.8
8.2
16.8
5.5
28.3
10.6
20.3
6.5
20.1
1.8
37.5
44.0
33.5
27.8
35.0
25.1
1.6
15.2
14.2
26.2
13.9
30.5
0.0
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.4
0.0
0.0
8.4
5.5
9.4
0.0
3.6
5.8
19.2
5.9
23.8
0.3
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.5
2.1
2.6
0.4
0.4
0.7
1.3
0.7
1.4
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
1
14
11
105
20
135
3
29
10
35
2
29
23
185
35
235
2
75
25
90
120
80
71
83
6
35
76
230
60
285
55
32
31
16
30
11
137
56
67
33
64
23
67
21
27
16
26
13
16
3
5
4
5
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
14
2
6
3
4
3
2
0
1
1
1
1
1
5
4
4
4
9
1
3
2
2
2
1
0
1
0
0
0
169
55
110
32
112
5
352
690
715
250
550
150
48
454
316
260
350
230
24
8
20
4
528
152
171
100
190
70
8
5
5
3
6
2
23
7
12
4
11
1
37
6
12
11
25
6
1
1
1
2
1
5
2
3
1
3
0
75
8
26
20
22
19

1: ave. of 6 ophiolite plagiogranites from Oman and Troodos (Coleman and Donato, 1979). 2: Granite from Ascension Island (Pearceet al., 1984)
3: ave. of 11 Nigerian biotite granites (Bowden et al., 1987). 4: ave of 17 M-type granitoids, New Britain arc (Whalen
et al. (1987).
5: ave. of 1074 I-type granitoids and
6:ave. of 704 S-type granitoids, Lachlan fold belt, Australia (Chappell and White, 1992).
7: ave of 148 A-type granitoids (Whalen
et al. 1987, REE from Collinset al., 1982). 8: ave. of 355 Archean grey gneisses (Martin, 1994).
9: ave of 250 <200Ma old I- and M-type granitoids (Martin, 1994).
10-12: est. ave., upper, and lower continental crust (Taylor & McClennan, 1985).

biotite
muscovite
cordierite
andalusite
garnet

pyroxene
hornblende
biotite

aegirine
riebeckite
arfvedsonite

CaO
CaO

moles

CaO

K2O
K2O

Al2O3

K2O

Na2O

Peraluminous

Al2O3

Al2O3

Na2O

Metaluminous

Na 2O

Peralkaline

Alumina saturation classes based on the molar proportions of Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O) (A/CNK) after
Shand (1927). Common non-quartzo-feldspathic minerals for each type are included. After Clarke
(1992).

Rocas Granitoides

El sistema Ab-Or-Qtz con las

curvas cotecticas ternarias y las
minima eutecticas para presiones
de 0.1 a 3 GPa. Incluido es el
locus of most granite
compositions from Figure 11-2
(shaded) and the plotted positions
of the norms from the analyses in
Table 18-2.
Observa los efectos del aumento
de presion y de los contenidos de
An, B, and F a la posicion del
minimo termal.

Rocas Granitoides

Diagramas spider, normalizadas a

MORB, para los analisis de tabla 2.

Rocas Granitoides

a.
b.

Diagrama Fases P-T simplificado y

Cantidad de melt generada en la fusion de
muscovite-biotite-bearing crustal source
rocks, after Clarke (1992) Granitoid Rocks.
Shaded areas in (a) indicate melt
generation.

Rocas Granitoides
Clasificacion S-I-A-M de Granitoides
3+

2+

Fe /Fe

SiO2
K2O/Na2O
46-70%
bajo

Ca, Sr
alto

53-76%

bajo

alto en
bajo: metal- moderado
uminous to
rocas
maficas peraluminous

65-74%

alto

Tipo
M

bajo

A/(C+N+K)*
bajo

alto

18O

Cr, Ni
bajo

< 9

bajo

< 9

bajo

alto

> 9

var

bajo

bajo

metaluminous
A

alto
77%

Na2O
alto

* molar Al2O3/(CaO+Na2O+K2O)

bajo

var
peralkaline

var

87

86

Sr/ Sr

Misc
Petrogenesis
< 0.705
bajo Rb, Th, U
Subduction zone
bajo LIL and HFS or ocean-intraplate
Mantle-derived
< 0.705
alto LIL/HFS
Subduction zone
med. Rb, Th, U
Infracrustal
hornblende
Mafic to intermed.
magnetite
igneous source
> 0.707 variable LIL/HFS Subduction zone
alto Rb, Th, U
biotite, cordierite
Supracrustal
Als, Grt, Ilmenite sedimentary source
var
bajo LIL/HFS
Anorogenic
alto Fe/Mg
Stable craton
alto Ga/Al
Rift zone
alto REE, Zr
alto F, Cl

Data from White and Chappell (1983), Clarke (1992), Whalen (1985)

Rocas Granitoides

A Classification of Granitoid Rocks Based on Tectonic Setting. After Pitcher (1983)

Clasificacion de
rocas granitoides
en base de
ambiente
tectonico.
Segun Pitcher
(1983)

Rocas Granitoides

A simple modification of Figure 16-17 showing the effect of subducting a slab of continental crust,
which causes the dip of the subducted plate to shalbajo as subduction ceases and the isotherms
begin to relax (return to a steady-state value). Thickened crust, whether created by underthrusting
(as shown) or by folding or fbajo, leads to sialic crust at depths and temperatures sufficient to cause
partial melting.

Rocas Granitoides

Schematic cross section of the Himalayas showing the dehydration and partial melting zones
that produced the leucogranites.

Schematic models for the uplift

and extensional collapse of
orogenically thickened
continental crust. Subduction
leads to thickened crust by
either continental collision (a1)
or compression of the
continental arc (a2), each with
its characteristic orogenic
magmatism. Both mechanisms
lead to a thickened crust, and
probably thickened mechanical
and thermal boundary layers
(MBL and TBL) as in (b)
Folbajoing the stable situation
in (b), either compression
ceases (c1) or the thick dense
thermal boundary layer is
removed by delamination or
convective erosion (c2). The
result is extension and collapse
of the crust, thinning of the
lithosphere, and rise of hot
asthenosphere (d). The
increased heat flux in (d), plus
the decompression melting of
the rising asthenosphere,
results in bimodal post-orogenic
magmatism with both mafic
mantle and silicic crustal melts.

Rocas Granitoides

Ejemplos de diagramas de discriminacion para granitoides introducidos por Pearce et al.

(1984, J. Petrol., 25, 956-983) with the granitoids of Table 18-2 plotted.