METACOGNITIVE

Approach

META - comes from the root word

"meta", meaning beyond.

COGNITION - the process of

acquiring knowledge and
understanding through thought,
experience, and the senses.

Metacognition

thinking about thinking

awareness of ones own knowledge
what one does and doesnt know
ones ability to understand, control, and manipulate
ones cognitive processes

STUDENTS

the more they

can CONTROL
such matters as
goals,
dispositions, and
attention.

AWARE of their
thinking
processes

Selfawareness

Self regulation

REFLECT

CONTROL

PLAN

MONITOR

2 Processes of METACOGNITION
1. Knowledge of cognition
2. Regulation of cognition

KNOWLEDGE of COGNITION
3 components:
1.
2.
3.

knowledge of the factors that influence ones own performance

knowing different types of strategies to use for learning
Knowing what strategy to use for a specific learning situation

REGULATION of COGNITION
setting goals and planning
2. monitoring and controlling learning
3. evaluating ones own regulation
1.

METACOGNITION

Skills

1.

knowing the limits of your own memory

2.

self-monitoring your learning strategy

3.

noticing whether you comprehend something

4.

choosing to skim subheadings

5.

repeatedly rehearsing a skill

6.

periodically doing self-tests

METACOGNITIVE STRATEGIES
1.

ask questions

2.

foster self-reflection

3.

encourage self-questioning

4.

teach strategies directly

5.

promote autonomous learning

6.

provide access to mentors

7.

solve problems with a team

8.

think aloud

9.

self- explanation

10.

provide opportunities for making errors

Why teach Metacognitive Skills?

Metacognitive skills can be taught to students to improve their

learning.

Learners construct knowledge.

They gain confidence and become more independent as learners.

Students perform better on exams and complete work more

efficiently.

CONSTRUCTIVIST Approach

CONSTRUCTIVIST approach
- learning occurs as learners are actively involved in a process of
meaning and knowledge
- learners are the makers of meaning and knowledge

Constructivist Learning Theory

John Dewey
( exploration of thinking
and reflection)

Childhood Development

&

PROGRESSIVE EDUCATION

Jean Piaget
(

knowledge by experiences)

Education

ALL knowledge is constructed from

a base of prior knowledge

Characteristics of Constructivist Teaching

Primary goal-

students learn how to learn

- take initiative for their own learning experiences

1.

learners are actively involved

2.

environment is democratic

3.

activities are interactive & student-centered

4.

teacher facilitates the learning process; student are encouraged to be

responsible & autonomous

CONSTRUCTIVIST Activities

Experimentation
Research projects
Field trips
Films
Class discussions
Online learning

Teacher as a Facilitator

1.

Modeling

commonly used instructional strategy

Types:

Behavioural how to perform activties

b. Cognitive reasoning / reflection-in-action
a.

2.

COACHING

motivates learners
analyzes the performance
provides feedback; gives advice
provokes reflection and articulation of what was learned

3.

SCAFFOLDING

provides temporary frameworks

supports learning and student performance beyond their capacities

Constructivist Assessment Strategies

Oral discussions

KWLH Chart (

what we know, what we want

to know,
hat we have learned, How we
know it)
Mind mapping
Hands-on activities
Pre-testing

Thank you for listening. (,)