Energy Audit and AT&C Loss

reduction in Distribution
network Ways & Means

11th March 2015

State wise AT&C Losses

Information as on 2012-13

Bihar
Odisha
Uttar Pradesh
West Bengal
Haryana
Assam
Madhya Pradesh

Input Energy
(MU)
4,588
21,768
73,325
29,542
36,036
5,672
45,569

Billing
Efficiency
55%
62%
73%
70%
73%
74%
72%

Meghalaya

1,595

Chattisgarh
Uttarakhand
Maharashtra
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Rajasthan
Gujarat
Punjab
Delhi
Andhra Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh

20,525
10,789
97,846
54,243
66,827
52,200
63,195
43,757
25,459
77,070
8,302

65%
78%
79%
85%
84%
79%
81%
81%
83%
87%
88%
89%

State

Source:

AT&C Loss
47.4%
42.9%
42.9%
34.4%
32.6%
31.9%
31.1%
26.6%
25.1%
23.2%
21.9%
20.8%
20.7%
20.0%
19.9%
17.7%
15.2%
13.6%
9.5%

State wise Utilities performance (2012-13)

Region

State

Eastern

North Eastern

Northern

Southern

Western

Bihar
Jharkhand
Odisha
Sikkim
West Bengal
Arunachal Pradesh
Assam
Manipur
Meghalaya
Mizoram
Nagaland
Tripura
Delhi
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jammu & Kashmir
Punjab
Rajasthan
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
Andhra Pradesh
Karnataka
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Chattisgarh
Goa
Gujarat
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra

Source:

Aggregate Revenue Profit on accrual basis Cash Profit as %

(Rs. Crores)
as % of Revenue
of Revenue
3,611
-34%
-28%
2,895
-30%
-26%
7,930
-4%
6%
268
15%
15%
17,500
3%
9%
91
-281%
-281%
2,488
-12%
-6%
136
-232%
-160%
566
-37%
-19%
114
-176%
-176%
123
-172%
-160%
324
-51%
-37%
19,379
5%
9%
11,801
-32%
-25%
4,185
-13%
-8%
1,686
-167%
-145%
14,429
2%
7%
17,414
-72%
-62%
20,602
-64%
-58%
3,524
0%
5%
29,711
-56%
-46%
21,280
-4%
4%
11,658
2%
6%
27,010
-42%
-39%
6,715
-7%
0%
1,011
-28%
-27%
27,905
2%
9%
15,289
-29%
-23%
47,015
1%
7%

Top 5 States DISCOMs in Accumulated

Losses
State
UP
Tamil Nadu
Rajasthan
Andhra Pradesh
MP

Accumulated
Losses
42,745
40,183
37,695
25,000
11,580

Different Types of Losses

T & D losses
Technical losses
Non-technical (commercial
losses)

AT & C losses

Technical Losses
Every element in a power system a line a
transformer etc consume some energy while
performing their expected duty.
Cumulative energy consumed by all these
elements constitute technical losses

Non-technical (commercial losses)

Occur on account of

Metering inaccuracies - defective meters

and slow meters

Errors in meter reading,

Errors in estimating unmetered supply of

energy

Application of wrong multiplication factors

Defects in CT / PT circuitry

Theft by direct tapping etc.

Billing problems (Faulty and untimely

7

serving bill)

T&D and AT&C Losses

T&D Losses
The total of Technical & Commercial losses are called T&D
losses
T&D Loss = (1-Billing Efficiency)

AT&C Losses
In addition to the above, revenue loss occurs on account of
non-realisation of billed demand
AT&C Loss = 1- (Billing Efficiency*Collection Efficiency)

Steps to perform Energy Audit

Network Survey
Consumers Indexing
Feeder, DT Meter
reading & Billing
data collection
Preparation of
Energy audit
statement

Survey Activities
33kV Feeder Survey
33kV Substation Details collection
11kV Feeder GPS Survey
DTR wise LT network survey
Mapping of DTR wise LT Network in GIS software
Map overlay on SOI or Earth
DTR Wise Pole wise consumer details collection

Network Asset Survey

GPS survey of 11kV and LT Network through GPS Instrument

Following details to be collected in LT Network Survey:

Substation Name
Feeder Name
DTR Location
DTR Number
Circuit Number
Pole Number, Type & Condition.
Conductor Type, Size & Condition.
No of Conductors.
No of Consumers Connected.
No of Hooks.

Consumer Indexing
Consumer Indexing is done on basis of network maps
provided after GPS survey activity.
Following details are collected in Consumer Indexing:

Substation Name
Feeder Name
DTR Number
Pole Number
Consumer Account Number
Consumer Name
Consumer Address
Village Name
Consumer Load Sanctioned
Meter Number, Type and Status
Hooking Present

Procedure for Energy Audit

GPS survey of 33kV, 11kV, DTRs and LT network.

Identification of 11kV HT, LT-3Ph and Single phase

consumers & attached to respective 11 kV Feeders.

Identification of 11kV Feeder Meters & Multiplying Factors.

Collection of 11 kV Feeder Meter Reading from the

Substation through CMRI.

Collection of Billed units of 1Ph, LT-3PH and HT Consumers

for the respective period.

Preparation of Energy audit statement

[(Input Consumption) to derive the
T&D Losses]

Factors contributing to High Technical

Losses
Lengthy 11 KV & LT lines
Inadequate size of conductors
DTR location not at load centers
Overrated and under rated DTCs
Low voltage pockets
Low power factor due to lack of reactive power
compensation
Bad workmanship (loose joints etc)

14

Technical Loss reduction Measures

Adopting high voltage distribution service (HVDS)
for agricultural customer
In HVDS there is less distribution losses due to
minimum length of distribution line, high quality of
power supply with no voltage drop, less burn out of
motor due to less voltage fluctuation and good quality
of power, to avoid overloading of transformer.

Adopting Arial Bunched Cables (ABC)

Utilize feeder on its average capacity
By overloading of distribution feeder distribution losses
will be increase.

15

Technical Loss reduction Measures

Network renovation & additions (CAPEX
programs)
Reconductoring of transmission and distribution line
according to load.
Identification of the weakest areas in the distribution
system and strengthening /improving them.
Reducing the length of LT lines by relocation of
distribution sub stations or installations of additional
new distribution transformers.
Installation of shunt capacitors for improvement of
power factor.

Industrial / Urban Focus Program

Separations of Rural Feeders from Industrial Feeders.
Change of old Service Line by armoured cable.

Strictly Follow Preventive Maintenance Program

16

Non-Technical (Commercial) loss reduction

Measures
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

A. Preventive Measures:
Use of electronic meters with tamper and load
survey logging features for all categories of
consumers.
Sealing of meters with seals and having proper
seal management
Installation of CTs/PTs in sealed boxes
Testing of the metering system as a whole to
ensure accuracy.
Ensuring accuracy in meter reading and billing
Carrying out regular energy audits covering the
feeder DT and all end consumers to ensure that
there is no revenue leakage beyond the
permissible technical loss.
17

Non-Technical (Commercial) loss reduction

Measures
B. Planned Measures
1. Aerial Bunched Cables
2.HVDS or LT less system
3. Shifting of meters outside consumers premises.
4. Spot Billing.
5.Users Associations, panchayats and Franchisees
in Billing &Collection
6. Rigorous vigilance activities

Electricity Act Provisions for reduction

of Commercial losses -------18

Case study of One franchisee area under CESU

AT&C losses in Base year(FY12) Vs Current Year
(FY15)
Duration: 24 Months

Balugao Nayagar
Khordha
n
h

Division

Puri

Billing Efficiency-Base

45.2%

45.9%

54.5%

58.3%

Collection EfficiencyBase

79.1%

88.0%

75.6%

89.0%

AT&C-Base Year

64.2%

59.6%

58.8%

48.1%

AT&CFY15(Tentative)

48%

48%

45%

38%

AT&C Reduction

16.2%

11.6%

13.8%

10.1%

Technology Initiatives
Taken by DF & its Impact

Need for Technology

Reducing Human
intervention
(Meter reading &
collection)
400 Meter
readers
Total revenue to
be collected >
10 Crores/ Month

Metering, Billing
& Collection
(MBC) Activities
4.5L consumer
Base
10,000 Sq.Km
Area
45 Field offices

Billing errors in
High value
consumers

Network O&M
and strengthening

10,000 Sq.km
area
6000 High Value
consumers
Revenue >
12Crores /month

10,000 Sq.km
area
9000
Transformers
7000 C.kms of LT
network

TECHNOLOGY INTERVENTION REQUIRED

MBC Data Single source of

truth & Unified
data flow

Minimize
Malpractices
with quick
identification &
action

Detailed billing
data acquisition
from meters in
time (Monthly)

Geographical
Mapping for
smooth
operations

Technology Used
MBC Data
Single source of
truth & Unified
data flow

ERP
Implementation &
SBM with GPRS
and IR

Minimize
Malpractices
with quick
identification &
action

GPRS based
tracking of Meter
readings &
Electronic Money
receipts

Detailed billing
data acquisition
from meters in
time (Monthly)

Automatic Meter
Reading & CMRI

Geographical
Mapping for
smooth
operations

GPS based Asset

Mapping &
preparation of
Network maps (in
GIS)

FY15-Technology Initiatives
Web based Billing Software for Daily tracking of
Billing & Collection
Electronic meters with IR port & Spot Billing
Machine-GPRS/IR port To eliminate human
intervention in Meter reading & reduce the meter
reading errors
AMR & CMRI based reading to perform accurate
meter reading of High value consumers
Electronic Money Receipts to reduce
malpractices in collection
Technical studies for the optimal CAPEX
implementation
Meter Testing (Accucheck) regular checkings
New Connection tracker software
Online Energy Audit software - to keep all officers
updated

AMR Installation Progress

Name of
Division

Total (As
on Nov14)

Feeder

HT

CD> =
20KW

Balugaon

16

13

94

123

Puri

31

52

290

373

Khordha

53

105

388

546

Nayagarh

28

16

85

129

128

186

857

1171

Total

AMR data is analyzed and suspected

consumers meter are tested by testing
team at the start of every month.
95 % feeder are installed with AMR as on
Nov 2014.
Consumers with 20KW or more demand
have 95 % compliance with AMR
96 % of the HT Consumers have AMR
installed as on Nov 14

Plan for Meter testing

Six Division level MRT teams for
testing of 3PH LV consumers
Two Central MRT teams for all
HV consumers testing and
release of NSC with Fault
attending

IR Meter Reading
Infra Red
Meter
Reading

Impact

All 700 SBM are enabled with

IR Port.
Machines can download meter
reading within 2 meter radius.
It limits the scope of manual
Error thus improving meter
reading .
It facilitates meter readers to
increase consumer coverage
while billing.

IR based meter reading has been implemented in Khordha since

October 14.
On pilot 3132 nos. of meters are billed through IR port in
November 14. This is in addition to 1285 nos. billed in October 14.
The Billing unit has improved in case of 858 consumers by 47% .
Abnormalities in billing was detected and settled in 6 cases.

Meter Replacement Progress

Total till date

1 Ph Meter
Installation
Progress

DIVISION

NEW SUPPLY

REPLACEMENT

Khordha

5053

22932

Balugaon

3537

22786

Puri

7859

21991

Nayagarh

3847

22462

20296

90171

TOTAL

Total till date

3 Ph Meter
Installation
Progress

20%
Meters
replacem
ent in 2years

DIVISION

NEW SUPPLY

REPLACEMENT

Khordha

183

248

Balugaon

92

278

Puri

145

239

Nayagarh

134

258

554

1723

TOTAL

25%
Meters
replacem
ent in 2years

Activities under Sec 126 & 135

SUMMARY of CASES BOOKED TILL NOVEMBER14
PREMISES
CASES BOOKED
CHECKED IN
TILL OCT14
N0V14

CASES
BOOKED IN
NOV14

TOTAL TILL
DATE

SL NO

DIVISION

Balugaon

518

107

101

619

Khorda

635

196

156

791

Nayagarh

823

215

178

1001

Puri

533

151

146

679

2509

705

581

3090

GRAND TOTAL

Till Nov14 total single phase and three phases consumers booked are
2972 and 118 respectively.
During November14
Total 1931 KW load is booked and assessed for 1.75 Million units
Realization
U/s 126 - Rs 46.20 Lakhs
U/s 135 - Rs 14.41 Lakhs

CAPEX- Approach

Field Approach

GPS Base
Network Survey &
Consumer
Indexing

11kV Feeder Level

/ DTR Level
Energy Audit

Software based
Technical loss
calculations

Project
Implementation
Plan

BoQ preparation
+ Payback
calculations

Remedial
measures to
mitigate Technical
losses

Process on Ground for T&D loss reduction

By using

Survey Data (GPS survey , Operations team

inputs)
Tools available for planning present and after
CAPEX
Energy Audit Data

Certain assumptions to substantiate the savings

due to proposed CAPEX works. (Input reduction
Schemes
and increase in Billing Units)
preparation
Address location specific issues (Meter bypass,
hooking, mechanical meters)
Schedule the works based on priority
Project
Implementa Timely implementation to get maximum out of
tion
project

11kV Feeder on Google earth

DTR Wise SLD

Each Section executive

is given with DTR SLDs
for the preparation of
the proposals

Reconfigurati
on, reconductoring
new DTR

DTR Wise SLD

New
Circuit
proposed

DTR Wise SLD

New LT
Circuit
proposed

Capex Impact: Loss Reduction

Input Energy (MU)

22.1

Pre CAPEX (127

Billed Energy
Transformers & 4% of
operational Area)
T&D Loss

64%

Input Energy

18.7

Billed Energy

10.9

T&D Loss

41%

Post CAPEX
implementation

% T&D Loss reduction

IMPACT of Investment
(Annual Basis)
Financial Impact in (Rs.
Crores)

8.0

22%
2.54