Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
Culture Documents
UNIT:III
INTRODUCTION
Diesel power plants are installed in the following situations.
Supply of coal and water is not available in sufficient quantity
Power is to be generated in small quantity.
Standby sets are required for emergency purposes in hospitals,
telephone exchanges, radio stations and cinemas.
Diesel power plants in the range of 2 to 50 MW capacities are
used.
Demands for diesel power plants are increased for electric
power generation because of difficulties in construction of new
hydraulic plants and enlargement of old hydro plants.
Long term planning required for the development of hydro and
thermal plants.
Diesel power plants used for electric generation are more
reliable and long lived piece of equipment compared with other2
types of plants.
IC ENGINES
IC ENGINES
IC ENGINES PARTS
Cylinder
Cylinder Head
Piston.
Piston Rings
Gudgeon Pin
Connecting Rod
Crank Shaft:
Crank
Engine Bearing
Crankcase
Flywheel
Governor
Valves
Fuel Pump
Fuel Injector
Combustion chamber
When the piston moves downward, V closes and air in the crank chamber is
compressed. The piston is moving upwards and is compressed the air which
was previously been supplied to L and before piston reaches the TDC the
fuel injector supplies fuel to the engine cylinder.
Ignition of fuel takes place due to high temperature of air and gases escape
through this port. The transfer port is uncovered immediately and the
compressed air from the crank chamber flows into the cylinder and is
deflected upwards by the hump provided on the head of the piston.
The piston again moving from BDC to TDC and the air gets compressed
when the exhaust port and transfer ports are covered by the piston, thus the
cycle is repeated.
IC ENGINE TYPES
10
IC ENGINE TYPES
IC ENGINE TYPES
12
13
14
Air Intake System: The function of the air filter is to remove the dust from
the air which is taken by the engine.
Exhaust System: This system includes silencer and connecting ducts. The
temperature of the exhaust gases are high, so the heat of the exhaust gases
may be used for heating the oil or air supplied to the engine.
Fuel System: It includes the storage tank, fuel pump, strainer and heater. The
fuel is supplied according to the load on the plant.
16
17
The air intake system conveys fresh air through pipes or ducts
to the engine.
Filters used to catch dirt particles in the air.
Filters are of dry or oil bath types are used.
Silencer is provided in between the engine and intake.
Some of the precautions while constructing an air intake
system.
18
EXHAUST SYSTEM
FUEL SYSTEM
20
FUEL SYSTEM
The flow plans depends on type of fuel, engine equipment and size of the
plant.
The main storage tank contains manholes for repairs, fill lines to receive oil,
vent lines to discharge vapour, overflow return lines for controlling oil flow
and suction line to withdraw oil.
Day tanks supply the daily fuel needs of the engine i.e. for 8 hrs. These
tanks are placed high because oil may flow to the engine under gravity.
The fuel oil supply system has to consider the following points.
Provisions for cleanliness and for changing over of lines during emergencies.
All suction lines pipe joints should be tested under pressure and joints tested
with soap solution.
Cleanliness in handling the bulk oil tanks.
21
Atomization of fuel oil has been done by air blast and pressure
spray.
Types of fuel injection systems are
22
24
26
COOLING SYSTEM
The temperature of gases inside the engine cylinder may vary from 35 to
as high as 2750 C during the cycle.
At this temperature range the cylinder walls, cylinder and piston metals will
loose their characteristics and piston seizes the liners.
In order to protect these parts from this heating effect proper cooling
system is required.
The high temperature reduces the strength of piston and cylinder liners.
Some times the overheating leads to pre ignition in spark ignition engines.
27
Advantages:
No water jackets are required
Absence of cooling pipes, radiation makes system
simpler.
No danger of coolant leakage.
No problem of freezing troubles
Weight per B.H.P of the air cooled engine is less than
water cooled engine.
It is a self contained unit , no external components
Installation is easier than water cooling.
28
Disadvantages:
Their movement is noisy, non uniform cooling and maintenance is not easy.
Output of air cooled engine is less than that of water cooled engine.
Smaller useful compression ratio.
29
consumption is less.
Cooling water can be conveniently heated when ever
required.
We can design any size of the cooling system for the engine.
No problem of noise.
Uniform heating takes place.
Disadvantages:
Water
LUBRICATION SYSTEM
32
system
Full pressure system
Semi pressure system
33
34
SPLASH SYSTEM
This
36
37
38
39
40
41
This system is commonly used for starting the large diesel engines
employed for stationary power plant service.
Compressed air about 17 bar supplied from an air tank admitted to the
engine cylinders making them work like reciprocating air motor to run
the engine shaft.
The air tank is charged by a motor or gasoline engine driven
compressor.
This system includes storage tank, safety valve and interconnecting
pipe work.
44
SUPERCHARGING
If we increase the piston displacement the size and weight of the engine
increases and results in cooling problem etc.
Running the engine at high speeds increases frictional losses and induces
inertia stresses on the engine.
Last method which is generally used to increase engine capacity and known
as supercharging. Greater air and fuel supplied to the engine there by
drawing greater engine powers.
SUPERCHARGING
47
49
50
51
52
53
54