20 September 2016

Wind Turbine Generators

Dr. Irfan Ullah
Assistant Professor
Electrical Engineering Department
University of Management and technology

Renewable Electrical Energy Resources EE407

Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Synchronous generator
Induction generator
Principle
Working of 3-phase induction generator
Self excited induction generator

Synchronous Generator
For small synchronous generators
Permanente magnet in the
rotor
For large synchronous generators
Creates the field by DC current
through windings around the
rotor core
Complications for providing DC
A rectifying circuit, called the
exciter, is needed to convert ac
from the grid into dc for the
rotor
DC current needs to make it
onto the spinning rotor, which

Three-phase synchronous generator

Asynchronous or induction generator

An induction machine can act as a motor or generator
As a motor, the rotor spins a little slower than the synchronous
speed
As a generator, the turbine blades spin the rotor a little faster
than the synchronous speed
Rotors do not require the exciter, brushes, and slip rings

Induction Generator

Induction generator as motor

The induction motor was invented by Nikola Tesla in 1888
Induction motor consists of two major parts
Stator
Rotor

Induction motor

Stator and rotor

Rotor types
1) Squirrel-cage rotor
Most widely used

Bars

Small starting torque and large starting

current
High efficiency
Better space factor for rotor slots

Squirrel-cage rotor

Better cooling
Cant increase starting torque through
resistance

2) Wound rotor

Rotor winding (star or delta) is connected

through slip rings to external resistance

High starting torque

Applications: variable speed drives

wound rotor

Principles of operation
AC voltage in one winding (stator) produces rotating field. It
produces emf in the other winding (rotor winding). If we short
circuit one winding (rotor), torque is produced, which rotates
shaft of the motor.

Rotor

2 pole 3phase induction motorNomenclature for the stator of an inductance generator

Working of 3 phase induction motor

IB

12
0

C
IA

3 phase power
diagram

B
IC

Rotation of

Motor speed
Synchronous speed
The speed of rotation is in synchronism with the
electric power frequency and is called the
synchronous speed.
Actual speed
The actual speed of the rotor is called the slip
speed and the difference in speed is called the
slip.
The amount of slip is determined by the load
torque, which is the torque required to turn the
rotor shaft.

Motor speed

pproximate Electrical Motor Speed (RPM)

Example 1
Question:

Solution:

Example 2
Question:

Example 2 (solution)

Example 2 (solution)

Example 2 (solution)

Example 2 (solution)

Self-excited inductance generator

A capacitor and an inductor connected in parallel
They have a resonant frequency at which they will
spontaneously oscillate
The oscillation frequency, and hence the rotor excitation
frequency, depends on the size of the external capacitors,
which provides one way to control wind turbine speed

Self-excited inductance generator

3-phase self-excited inductance generator

Discussion

Thanks
?