Methods of Speed

Control of Induction
motors
Stator voltage Control
Supply Frequency Control
Eddy Current Coupling
Pole Changing
Rotor Resistance Control
Slip Power Recovery

Stator voltage Control

Synchronous speed

Slip = Ns-N
Ns

Torque

Ns = 120 f
P

Where E2 is the rotor emf

Ns is the synchronous speed
R2 is the rotor resistance
X2 is the standstill rotor reactance

Continue..
Rotor resistance R2is constant and if slip s is small then sX 2is so

small that it can be neglected. Therefore, T sE 22where E2is rotor

induced emf and E2V
And hence T V2, thus if supplied voltage is decreased, torque
decreases and hence the speed decreases.
This method can be use for both squirrel-cage and wound-rotor

motors.
This method is the easiest and cheapest, still rarely used because A large change in supply voltage is required for relatively small

change in speed.
Large change in supply voltage will result in large change in flux

density, hence disturbing the magnetic conditions of the motor.

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SUPPLY Frequency control

Synchronous speed of induction motor Ns = 120 f

P
where, f = frequency of the supply and P = number of stator

poles.
Thus, synchronous speed changes with change in supply
frequency, and thus running speed also changes.
This method is not widely used. This method is used where,

only the induction motor is supplied by a generator (so that

frequency can be easily change by changing the speed of
prime mover).

Continue..
By changing the frequency we can control the speed above

and below the rated speed.

It offers high range of speed control.

Stator current control

Starting torque of IM Ts is proportional to square of stator

current.
It is independent of supply frequency.
It is independent of rotor resistance.

Continues..
A constant current for 3 phase IM can be obtained from 3

phase CSI .
Inductor convert the dc voltage as constant current source.
CSI regulate the output frequency and hence torque of

induction motor.

HOW SPEED IS CONTROLLED

USING VFD
Rectifier:
The rectifier in a VFD is used to convert incoming

ac power into direct current (dc) power.

DC bus:
DC output of rectifier flows through the dc link to

inverter input.
Inverter:
The Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor (IGBT) is a

common choice in modern VFDs.

The IGBT can switch on and off several thousand times

per second and precisely control the power delivered to

the motor.
The

IGBT uses a method named pulse width

modulation (PWM) to simulate a current sine wave at
the desired frequency to the motor.

SPWM TECHINIQUE FOR v/f

V/F = C
v is voltage and f is called frequency, c= constant
In sinusoidal pulse width modulation there are
multiple pulses per half-cycle and the width of the
each pulse is varied with respect to the sine wave
magnitude corresponding to that duration.
In V/f control we have to maintain the constant ratio
of voltage and frequency.
In order to achieve the constant ratio ,we have to
fire the (IGBT )in such way that the amplitude of
output voltage waveform in a cycle will maintain the
v/f ratio according the frequency change.
Waveforms are shown on next slide
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STATIC ROTOR RESISTENCE

CONTROL
A slip ring motor or a phase wound motor is

an induction motor which can be started with

full line voltage, applied across its stator
terminals. The value of starting current is
adjusted by adding up external resistance to
its rotor circuit.

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Continue..

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Conclusion
In Case of Squirrel cage induction motor the slip

cannot be
increase above certain limit, the operating speed range is
very less. By applying the V/F control we can get the large
operating range by keeping V/F ratio constant .

Research
The research of speed control for induction motor based on

dynamic recurrent neural network.

Speed Control of induction motor using predictive current control
and SVPWM.

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