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Communications
Protocols and TX Limitations
Asynchronous Vs Synchronous
Synchronous requires a multitude of lines
while asynchronous requires much fewer.
Synchronous needs a clock which is usually
transmitted on a separate line. This limits the
distance and speed because of clock skew.
Asynchronous does utilize a transmitted
clock, however proper synchronization
needs to be implemented some other way.
So, it requires a more complex protocol.
Serial
Transmission
RS-232 Summary
RS-422 Summary
Cabling - differential
Number of devices - five transmitters and ten
receivers
Communication mode - full duplex / half duplex
Maximum distance - 4000 feet at 100 kbps
Maximum data rate - 10 Mbps at 50 feet
Signaling mode - balanced
Mark (1) - 2 V to 6 V max. (B>A)
Space (0) - 2 V to 6 V max. (A>B)
Output current capability - 150 mA
Note: For more info on single ended and differential
cabling, check:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_signaling
RS-485 Summary
Cabling - differential
Number of devices - 32 transmitters and 32
receivers
Communication mode - half duplex
Maximum distance - 4000 feet at 100 kbps
Maximum data rate - 10 Mbps at 50 feet
Signalling - balanced
Mark (1) - 1.5 V to 5 V max. (B>A)
Space (0) - 1.5 V to 5 V max. (A>B)
Output current capability - 250 mA
Framing Error
Framing error occurs when
the byte structure is
conflictive with the expected
If the bit found when the stop
bit is expected does not look
like a stop bit (it is low
instead of high), there is a
frame error. Framing error is
very common when the
BAUD rate is different
between both parts.
Fall time