TWI

CSWIP 3.1
WIS 5
WELDING INSPECTION
PRACTICAL VISUAL
INSPECTION OF PIPE
WELDS
Copyright 2005, TWI Ltd

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Copyright 2005, TWI Ltd

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Outside Dia & thicknes

process
Welding process:

EXAMPLE PIP
Signature: I C

WELD FACE

60

40

API 1104
B

12

Mechanical
Damage

Excess weld height : 4mm. Weld width: 12-14mm

Toe blend: Poor. Misalignment : 2mm
Spatter or scale on the pipe surface

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Excess weld height : 5mm. Weld width: 1214mm

Toe blend: Poor. Misalignment: 1mm
Spatter or scale on the pipe surface

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15

Lack of side
wall fusion

120

Slag

Excess weld height : 3mm. Weld width: 12-14mm

Toe blend: Poor. Misalignment: 2mm
Spatter or scale on the pipe surface

Excess weld height : 4mm. Weld width: 12-14mm

Toe blend: Poor. Misalignment : 1mm
Spatter or scale on the pipe surface

30

Slag
inclusion

38

>1.0
mm

Welding position: Flat /PA

Under fill

DCode/Specification used:

180

10

Undercut

46
Name: [Block capitals]
Mr. I C Plenty

Arc strike

Page 1 of 3

NOTES:

90

15

20

Lack of side
wall fusion

9
8

Under fill

140

Lack of side
wall fusion

PIPE ROOT
FACE

NOTES:

6
60

Excess
penetration
5mm

Poor stop
start
5

Root
Undercut

46

180

10

Lack of root
penetration

90

15

20

40

Burn through

140

Lack of root
fusion

>1.0
mm

Penetration height : 5mm.

Toe blend: Poor
Misalignment : 1mm
Scale on the pipe surface

Penetration height : 3mm.

Misalignment : 2mm
Spatter on the pipe surface

38

120

120

Lack of root
fusion

Root Undercut
<1.0mm
Penetration height: 2mm.
Misalignment : 2mm
Spatter on the pipe surface

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Penetration height: 3mm.

Misalignment : 1mm
Scale on the pipe surface

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Pipe Inspection Points

1) Use a pencil for the arrow lines, but make all
written comments and measurements in ink
only
2) Report everything that you can observe
3) Do not forget to compare and sentence your
report
4) Do not forget to date & sign your report
5) Make any observations, such as
recommendations for further investigation for
crack-like imperfections.
Copyright 2005, TWI Ltd

World Centre for Materials Joining

EXAMPLE WELD INSPECTION REPORT/SENTENCE

SHEET
PRINT FULL NAME

I C Plenty
SPECIMEN NUMBER 001
EXTERNAL DEFECTS

Defect Type

Defects Noted

Pipe/Plate
Section
1

Accumulative
Total
2

Code or Specification Reference

Maximum
Allowance
3

Section/
Table No
4

Accept/Reject
5

Excess weld metal height

A-A

4mm

1.6mm

7.8.2

Reject

Excess weld metal appearance

A-A

Poor blend

Smooth

7.8.2

Reject

Incomplete filling

A-A

22mm

None

7.8.2

Accept

Inadequate weld width (PIPE)

A-A

N/A

3mm

7.9.2

Accept

Slag Inclusions

A-A

70mm long

None

7.8.2

Reject

Undercut

A-A

1.5mm depth

0.8mm

9.7.2 Table 4

Reject

Surface Porosity

A-A

1.5mm

2mm

9.3.9.3

Accept

Cracks/Crack-like defects

A-A

40mm

NONE

9.3.10

Reject*

Lack of fusion

A-A

22mm

25mm

9.3

Accept

Arc strikes

A-A

30x25

------------

Not specified

Mechanical damage

A-A

NONE

------------

-----------

Accept

Laps/Laminations

A-A

NONE

------------

-----------

Accept

Misalignment (Linear)

A-A

2mm

3mm

7.2

Accept

Longitudinal seams (PIPE)

A-A

N/A

------------

----------

Accept

Copyright 2005, TWI Ltd

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Reject**

Root Defects
EXTERNAL DEFECTS

Defects Noted

Defect Type

Pipe/Plate
Section
1

Code or Specification Reference

Accumulative
Total
2

Maximum
Allowance
3

Misalignment

A-A

2mm

3mm

Excessive Root Penetration

A-A

4mm

------------

Incomplete Root Penetration

A-A

50mm

Lack of Root Fusion

A-A

Root Concavity

Section/
Table No
4

Accept/Reject
5

7.2

Accept

Not
specified

Accept

25mm

9.3.1

Accept

20mm

25mm

9.3.4

Accept

A-A

2mm depth

1mm

9.3.6

See Notes ***

Root Undercut

A-A

0.5mm

0.8mm

9.3.11

Accept

Cracks/Crack-like defects

A-A

NONE

------------

9.3.10

Accept

Slag inclusions

A-A

70mm long

None

7.8.2

Reject

Porosity

A-A

1.5mm

2mm

9.3.9.3

Reject

Laps/Laminations

A-A

NONE

------------

----------

Accept

This *pipe/plate has been examined to the requirements of code/specification API

1104.................
and is accepted/rejected accordingly.
Comments:
*
Request MPI testing.
**
Recommend arc strikes are ground flush prior to MPI testing for cracks.
*** Radiography Required

I C Plenty

22nd August 2003

Signature.........................................................
Date.....................................................................................
*Delete which is not applicable.
Use the other side for any comments.

Copyright 2005, TWI Ltd

World Centre for Materials Joining

REMEMBER!
TERMINOLOGY:
Use standard terms.
Do not use abbreviations.
ACCURACY:
All dimensions in millimetres.
No need to scale.
Measurements to be as accurate as
possible.
PRESENTATION:
Sketch to be as neat as possible.
The key to passing the
examination.
Copyright 2005, TWI Ltd

World Centre for Materials Joining

PRACTICAL PIPE.

QUESTIONS ?

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1
2
3
4

HI-LO Single Purpose Welding Gauge

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Internal
alignment

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Root gap
dimension

Pipe Code API 1104

Reinforcement Height:

7.8.2

page 20
Misalignment:
7.2 page 19
Reinforcement Appear:
7.8.2
page 20
Longitudinal seams: Not referenced
Incomplete groove:
7.8.2
page 20
Excess penetration: Not referenced
Inadequate weld width:
7.8.2
page 20
Lack of penetration: 9.3.1/9.3.2 page 21
Slag inclusions:
9.3.8
page 22
Lack of root fusion: 9.3.4 page 22
Undercut:
9.3.11 page 24
Concave root:
9.3.6 page 22
Porosity:
9.3.9
page 24
Burn through:
9.3.7 page 22
Cracks:
9.3.10 page 24
Lack of fusion:

9.3.4

page 22

Arc strikes/arc burns:

A.5.3

page 55

Mechanical damage:

Not referenced

Lamination:

Not referenced

Copyright 2005, TWI Ltd

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