Regressive alterations of teeth

GOOD MORNING

Attrition
Abrasion
Erosion
Abfraction
Dentinal sclerosis
Dead tracts
Secondary dentin
Reparative dentin
Reticular atrophy of pulp
Pulp calcification
Resorption of teeth
Hypercementosis
cementicles

Abfraction

Attrition

Abrasion

Erosion

 Dentine sclerosis
Calcification of dentinal tubules
Calcium salts in the dentinal lymph
Highly calcified than normal dentin
Reduces the spread of caries
Dead tracts
Black in transmission and white in reflected light
Air filled in the dentinl tubules
Secondary dentin
Normal or slightly abnormal stimuli
Physiologic
pathollogic

 Physiological secondary dentin

Age process
Reparative dentin
Result of irritation or attrition
Decreased size of pulp chamber and root canals
resembles bone osteodentin

Reticular atrophy of the pulp

Vacuolization of the pulp tissue and cells
Elderly individuals
Histologically vacuolated spaces in the pulp and
reduction in its cellularity
Artefact autolysis of the pulp tissue

Pulp calcification

No difference in genders or among teeth in the arch

Morphological forms pulp stones
diffuse calcification
Pulp stones true
false
True denticles localized masses resembling dentin coz of
their tubular structure secondary dentin pulp chamber
- Free denticles not attached to the dentinal wall
Attached denticles continuous with the dentinal wall

Denticles

False denticles no dentinal tubule structure concentric

masses central nidus
Free
Attached
Surrounded by secondary dentin interstitial denticle
Pulp chamber larger than true denticles
2)Diffuse calcifications
Root canals
Calcific degeneration
Unorganised linear strands or columns paralleling the blood
vessels and nerves of the pulp
Increases with age

Cause of pain
difficulty in extirpating the pulp

Local metabolic
dysfunction

Trauma

Hyalinization of injured cells

Vascular damage
(thrombosis)

Fibroma

Mineralization

Pulp stone

Resorption of teeth
External resorption
Periapical inflammation
Reimplantation
Tumors and cysts
Excessive mechanical or occulsal
forces
Impaction of tooth
Idiopathic
Internal resorption
Idiopathic

External Resorption of tooth

Periapical inflammation
Reimplanted teeth
Tumors and cysts
Pressure effect
Benign tumors displacement of teeth
Connective tissue btw tumor and tooth osteoclasts
resorption of tooth
Cysts periapical cyst infection pressure on the apex of the
tooth connective tissue osteoclasts resorption
Mechanical forces orthodontic forces
Impacted teeth pressure effect
Idiopathic woman more affected

External
resorption

External resorption

Ankylosis

Internal resorption/ chronic perforating hyperplasia of the

pulp/ pink tooth of mummery/ odontoclastoma
Centrally within tooth
Carious tooth /Pulpal infection
Clinical features
Pink hued crown hyperplastic vascular pulp tissue fills the resorbed
area
Radiographic features
Pulpal disease round or ovoid radiolucent area complete perforation
Histological picture
Pulp tissue filling defect
Odontoclasts or osteoclasts
Treatment
Root canal therapy

Internal resorption

Hypercementosis
Excessive cementum deposited
Secondary cementum
Causes
accelerated elongation of the
tooth
inflammation in a tooth
tooth repair
pagets disease

 Clinical features
No symptoms
Periapical inflammation pain on percussion
Root or roots appear elongated and rounded
Radiographic features
Loss of lamina dura
Rounded root apices
Histological features
Secondary/ cellular cementum osteocementum cellularity resembles bone
Resting lines are seen
Treatment
No treatment
Extraction is contraindicated

Cementicles
Small foci of calcified tissue free in the periodontium
lateral and apical root surfaces
Represents areas of dystrophic calcification
Calcification of nests of epithelial cells epithelial rests
in the periodontal ligament
degenerative changes
Enlarge further deposition of calcium from connective
tissue unite with that of the root Cementum or
alveolar bone
Rough globular outline root surface
Small spicules of Cementum torn from the root surfaces
cemental tears

cementicles
Also arise from thrombosed capillaries in
periodontal ligament
Too small to be seen in radiographs
Clusters of cementicles form and at
the apices of the tooth - cementoma

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