Course overview

Physics 122, Fall 2012

10/09/16

Lecture I

Introduction

Instructor
Prof.ReginaDemina
Office
B&L367
Phone
2757357
Email
profdemina@gmail.com
OfficehourMon34pm

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Lecture I

Novosibirsk

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Lecture I

Objective of the course

thorough understanding of the basic physics
concepts
ability to use them in applications

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Lecture I

Sources
Text book
Physics for Scientists and Engineers, Volume II
Forth Edition

by Douglas C. Giancoli
Class web site /www.pas.rochester.edu/~regina/PHY122
Lecture notes;
Homework assignments
Workshop modules
Equation sheets for tests, test solutions
Important dates and links
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Lecture I

WorkshopsandHomework

Solvingproblemssystematicallyisimportant.
Peer-lead study groups workshops
Participation in workshops will count 5% of your final grade.
Workshops start next week
Participationinworkshops=5%ofyourfinalgrade,needto
participate(notjustattend!)inatleast10workshopstogetfull
grade.
Homeworkproblemsaresimilarbutnotidenticaltoworkshop
modules
Homeworkproblems=5%ofyourfinalgrade.
Questions on workshop scheduling:
"Dev Ashish Khaitan" <dkhaitan@u.rochester.edu>
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Lecture I

Midterm exams
Therewillbetwomidtermexamsduringthe
semester.
Bothwillcount.
Therewillbenomakeupexam.
Youcanbringacalculator,apencilandaruler.
40%ofyourgrade.

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Lecture I

Final Exam
December 17, 7:15 pm
FinalexamisbasedontheentirecoursePHY122.
Lasthomeworkwillbebasedontheentirecoursetogiveyou
moretimetoprepareforthefinal.
40%ofthefinalgrade

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Lecture I

Equation sheets
Nonotesorequationsheetsmaybebroughtto
exams.
However,asheetofusefulequationswillbe
providedduringthetest.Youcanviewthese
sheetsinadvance,willbelinkedfromcourse
scheduleontheweb.
Pleasenotethatpastexperiencehasshownthat
havingequationsavailabledoesnotguarantee
successunderstandingisthekey.
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Lecture I

Labs
Thelaboratoryisarequiredandintegratedpartofthecourse.
Apassinggradeinlaboratoryisrequiredtopassthecourse:10%
ofthegrade

Questions should go to physlabs@pas.rochester.edu

NB. I am not allowed to reveal this persons identity.

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Lecture I

10

Grading

Workshops:
Homework:
HourExams:
FinalExam:
Laboratory:
Total:
100%
90%orabove:
80%85%:
70%75%:
60%65%:

Under60%:
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5%
5%
40%
40%
10%
A
B
C
D

8889.9A 8587.9B+
7879.9B 7577.9C+
6869.9C 6567.9D+

E
Lecture I

11

PHY122 too easy?

You still have a chance to
switch to PHY142

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Lecture I

12

How to study for physics class

Look through lecture notes first
In lectures Ill give you all the information that you need to
survive in this class

Read the suggested sections from the text book

Read the summary first concentrate on whats important
Dont overdo the reading part, try to understand not memorize
Pay attention to
Figures, spend more time on them than on text
Examples, try to work out the problem yourself first
Equations (try to analyze, e.g. if the charge doubles the Coulomb force
on it will double as well)
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Lecture I

13

How to do physics problems

Use the How to do physics problems guide
posted on the course web site
While doing first several homework assignments
and workshop modules stick to it religiously
This practice will help you during the tests
PHY122 is a lot more abstract than PHY121
well developed procedures will help you to get
started
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Lecture I

14

PHY 121
Kinematics how do objects move?
Trajectory, displacement, velocity, acceleration, time

Dynamics why do objects move?

Mass, force work
Conserved quantities
Energy potential and kinetic
Momentum

First step into micro world kinetic theory

Mechanical laws work on molecules
Heat is a form of energy
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Lecture I

15

PHY 122
What is the origin of forces?
So far we considered only one true force gravity
Next step electricity and magnetism

Static new conserving quantity electric charge

Dynamic DC and AC
Magnetic field
Electromagnetic waves light

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Lecture I

16

Phases of matter
Solid,

liquid,

gas

Matter is built of atoms

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Lecture I

17

Inside atoms
Atoms have structure = nucleus +
electrons
Nucleus has positive electric
charge
Electron has negative electric
charge
Nucleus has structure = protons
and neutrons
Electron so far is believed to be
elementary = unbreakable
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Lecture I

18

Inside nucleus
Protons and neutrons
consist of quarks, called
up and down quarks
Quarks are believed to be
elementary

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Lecture I

19

Natures scales

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Lecture I

20

My research - LHC
Alps

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Large Hadron Collider located in Europe (France and

Switzerland)
Circumference 27 km;
7TeV(2010-2011)8TeV (now)14 Tev(2014)
LHC has uncovered the mechanism behind mass - 2012
Discovery of particle known as Higgs boson
Prof Hagen (Rochester) one of the six people who
predicted this mechanism

Lecture I

21

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Lecture XII

22

H4l

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Lecture XII

23

Electricity
There are two kinds of
electric charges positive
and negative.
Like charges
(++, or --) repel,
unlike charges (+-)
attract.

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Lecture I

24

Inside atoms
Atoms have structure =
nucleus + electrons
Nucleus has positive electric
charge
Electron has negative
electric charge (Q= -e)
Nucleus =
protons (Q=+e) and
neutrons (Q=0)
Electrons are much lighter and
thus more mobile than
protons or neutrons.
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Lecture I

25

Electric charge
The net charge is conserved.
Electric charge is measured in Coulombs.
Electron has negative charge (e=-1.60.10-19 C),
nucleus positive.
Atom is electrically neutral.
Nucleus is heavy, electron is light. Usually charge is
transported by electrons.
By acquiring more electrons bodies become
negatively charged (Q= -Ne .e)
By loosing electrons bodies become positively
charged (Q= +Ne .e).
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Lecture I

26

Insulators and conductors

In solids atoms and their
nuclei are locked in their
position and hard to move.
Insulators have complete or
almost complete electron
shells these electrons are
tough to move around.
Conductors (usually metals)
have one or two electrons
on the outer shell free
electrons.
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Lecture I

27

Induced charge
Bodies can be charged by
Conduction (direct
contact)
Induction create charge
separation
Break into pieces
Ground one end charge
leaks into the Earth.

Always think, where

electrons went
they are the ones to move.
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Lecture I

28

Electroscope
Electroscope a simple
device to detect electric
charge.

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Lecture I

29

Test problem #1
Two electrically neutral materials are rubbed
together. One acquires a net positive charge.
The other must

A
B
C
D

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have lost electrons.

have gained electrons.
have lost protons.
have gained protons.

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30

Coulombs law
F force between two charges(N)
Q1Q2
F k 2
Q electric charge (C= Coulomb)
r
k 9.0 109 Nm 2 / C 2 r distance between the two
charges (m)
F12
F21 k constant
+
+
1

F12

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F21
2

1 Q1Q2
F
4 0 r 2

0 8.85 10 12 C 2 / Nm 2
0 permittivity of free space
Lecture I

31

System of charges
Calculate the net
electrostatic force on
particle 3.
Input:
Q1= - 86 C= - 86.10-6 C
Q2= + 50 C= + 50.10-6 C
Q3= + 65 C= + 65.10-6 C
r13=60cm=0.60m

Q1Q2
F k 2
r
9
2
2
k 9.0 10 Nm / C
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r23=30cm=0.30m

Lecture I

32

This week
Sign up for workshops if you have not done so.
Workshops start next week.

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Lecture I

33

My research getting inside

atoms
Fermilab
40 miles west of
Chicago
Tevatron at the
moment worlds
2nd highest energy
collider
2 teraelectronvolts
6.28 km
circumference

Top quark
discovery - 1996
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Lecture I

34