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PERMANENT

MAXILLARY CANINE

Introduction
Canines are very long and stable teeth
There are 4 canines (2 Maxillary & 2 Mandibular) placed at

corner of mouth & hence called corner stones of the


dentition
Single pointed cusp present so also called cuspids
The canine's role in mastication is mainly tearing, which is

intermediate between incising of anterior teeth & grinding


of the posterior teeth

Arch position - The permanent maxillary canine replaces

deciduous maxillary canine & is located 3rd from midline


in each maxillary quadrant
Mesial contact : Maxillary lateral incisor
Distal contact : Maxillary first premolar

Tooth Numbering Systems


UNIVERSAL

SYSTEM

- 6,11

ZSIGMONDY / PALMER

33

FDI SYSTEM

13, 23

Chronology
First evidence of calcification : 4-5 months
Enamel completed
: 6-7 yr
Eruption
: 11-12yrs
Root completed
: 13-15yrs

Average Dimension (in mm)


Crown Length

10

Root Length

17

Mesiodistal Diameter at Contact Area

7.5

Mesiodistal Diameter at Cervical Lines

5.5

Labiolingual Diameter at Crest of Curvature

08

Labiolingual Diameter at Cervical Lines

07

Curvature of Cervical Line : Mesial

2.5

Curvature of Cervical Line : Distal

1.5

Labial Aspect
The

crown of maxillary canine is narrower


mesiodistally than that of maxillary central incisor

It has two slopes (cusp ridges), the mesial slope

being shorter than the distal slope


The labial surface is smooth and bulky in the

middle because of the labial ridge

Imbrication lines can often be found in cervical

3rd of the facial surface : Lines of Pickerell


Mesial outline : usually convex

&

rounded

mesioincisal angle
Height of contour (mesial margin) : at contact

area (junction of incisal & middle thirds)

Distal margin : Shorter than the mesial margin &

also has a more rounded incisal angle


Height of contour : at contact area (middle 3rd)
Incisal margin - divided into two components by tip

of cusp & are termed the mesioincisal and


distoincisal slopes (or mesial & distal cusp ridges)

Labial surface is convex in all directions, but curvature is

more pronounced mesiodistally


General outline of the surface is pentagonal
Incisal aspect has a large cusp with a pointed cusp tip

Labial ridge
Distal
cusp Cusp
ridge tip

Mesial
Labial aspect Cusp Ridge

Lingual Aspect
Crown and root are narrower lingually
Cingulum is well developed, large & sometimes

pointed like a cusp


Cervical line curves asymmetrically toward the

apex with a slight offset to the distal

A well developed lingual ridge is seen which divides

mesial & distal lingual fossae


Heavy marginal ridges are associated with well formed

cingulum and fossae

CL : Cervical line
C : Cingulum
MMR : mesial marginal ridge
DMR : distal marginal ridge
LR : lingual ridge
DLF : distolingual fossa

Mesial Aspect
From the mesial aspect canine looks similar but bulkier

than maxillary central incisor


Maxillary canine is the widest anterior tooth labiolingually
The cervical line curvature is towards incisally
The contact area is near the junction of the incisal and

middle third

Distal Aspect
Distal surface is very similar to the mesial surface
The cervical line exhibits less curvature
The distal surface is generally smaller, with resultant

shorter labial and lingual margins.


Height of contour is located at a more cervical level.
The contact are is near the middle third

Incisal Aspect
The labiolingual dimension is greater than the mesiodistal

dimension
Maxillary canine is generally convex in both its labial and

lingual outlines
The cusp tip is labial to the centre of the crown labiolingually

and mesial to the centre mesiodistally


The labial ridge and the cingulum are very noticeable from

this aspect

Incisal aspect

MLF, mesiolingual fossa;


MCR, mesial cusp ridge;
DCR, distal cusp ridge;
DLF, distolingual fossa;
C, cingulum

Root
Only one
Longest and strongest of all the teeth in the mouth
Mesial & distal surfaces of root have developmental depressions
From all aspects, the root tapers gradually to a sharp, or slightly

blunted apex
Wider labiolingually than mesiodistally
Lingual and labial surfaces are convex

Mandibular Canine

Labial aspect

Lingual aspect

Incisal aspect

Mesial aspect

Distal aspect

Tooth Numbering
Systems
UNIVERSAL

SYSTEM

- 22,27

ZSIGMONDY / PALMER

33

FDI SYSTEM

33, 43

Chronology
First evidence of calcification : 4-5 months
Enamel completed
: 6-7 yr
Eruption
: 9-10yrs
Root completed
: 12-14yrs

Average Dimensions in
millimeters
Crown Length

11.0

Root
Length

16.0

Mesiodistal
Diameter at
Contact Area

7.0

Mesiodistal
Diameter at
Cervical Line

5.5

Labiolingual
Diameter at
Crest of Curvature

7.5

Labiolingual
Diameter at
Cervical Line

7.0

Curvature of Cervical Line


M
D

2.5

1.0

Labial aspect

Mandibular canines are similar to maxillary canines


except that they are slightly narrower mesiodistally

Mesial outline of the crown is straight and inline with the


mesial outline of the root

The mesial cusp ridge is smaller than the distal cusp


ridge

Mesial outline : straight & obtuse mesioincisal angle


Distal outline : convex & rounded distoincisal angle
Incisal aspect : not sharp as max canine

Lingual aspect
Mesial, distal, and incisal outlines - These margins mimic
those of the labial aspect
Cingulum is less prominent and marginal ridges are less

distinct

Mesial and Distal aspects


These aspects are very similar and the cervical line
curves more on the mesial aspect
The contact area on mesial aspect is in the incisal third

and a little higher on the distal third

Incisal aspect

Like maxillary canine the labiolingual dimension is more


than the mesiodistal dimension

The cusp tip appears inclined in a lingual direction

Root

The root is shorter by 1 or 2 mm than max. canine

The developmental depression is more pronounced on


the lower canine

References
CONCISE DENTAL ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY :

JAMES L FULLER
DENTAL ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY

& OCCLUSION:

WHEELERS
TEXTBOOK OF DENTAL ANATOMY, PHYSIOLOGY &

OCCLUSION: RASHMI GS (PHULARI)


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