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Content
1) Introduction
i. Why percentage?
ii. Application
2)
i.
ii.
iii.
iv.
Shortcuts
Splitting of values
Decimal values
Fraction values
Interchanging values
3)
i.
ii.
iii.
4) Solved problems
5) Practice problems
1)Introduction
1.i) What is Percentage ?
Percentage
per cent (100)
Why percentage?
To convert any base values to 100
1.ii) Application:
The concept of percentage is applied in many other
important topics like profit and loss, data
interpretation, simple and compound interest etc.
The shortcuts which you are going to learn will be very
useful if it is applied in these topics.
2) Shortcuts
2.i) Shortcut 1: Splitting of values
a) 20% of 80 = ?
100% of 80 = 80
10% of 80 = 8
20% of 80 = 16
Try 30% of 60
b) 15% of 80 = ?
10% of 80= 8
5% of 80 = 4
15% of 80 = 12
Try 15% of 60
Department of Analytical Skills
c) 12% of 80 = ?
10% of 80 = 8
2% of 80 = 1.6
12% of 80 = 9.6
Try 13% of 60
d) 45% of 80 = ?
50% of 80 = 40
5% of 80 = 4
45% of 80 = 36
Try 45% of 60
1% of 80 = 0.8
e) 18% of 80 = ?
10% of 80 = 8
20% of 80 = 16
2% of 80 = 1.6
18% of 80 = 14.4
Try 27% of 60
2.iii) Shortcut 3:
How do you solve 12.5% of 80 = ?
10% + 2% + 0.5% ?
How much time will the following question take?
12.5% of 8.8 = ?
Now this
16.66% of 3.6 = ?
12.5% of 80 = ?
1 = 100%
1/2 = 50%
1/4 = 25%
1/8 = 12.5%
12.5% of 80 = 1/8 of 80
= 10
Department of Analytical Skills
2.iv) Shortcut 4:
How do you solve 62% of 150 = ?
10% to 60%
1% to 2%
Then 60% + 2% ?
No
a% of b can be written as b% of a
Proof: a% of b
= b% of a
a/100 x b = b/100 x a
ab/100
= ab/100
62% of 150
= 150% of 62
= 100% + 50% of 62
= 62 + 31
= 93
Why should we interchange 62 and 150?
Because splitting 150 is easier than splitting 62
So whenever the right hand side value is easier, interchange the values.
Try 84% of 250
Try 72% of 90
Department of Analytical Skills
Example 1:
Try
Try
Try
Try
Try
Try
Try
Try
Try
35% of 40
2.4242% of 80
33.33% of 12
75% of 16
66.66% of 9
37.5% of 24
55.55% of 18
45.45% of 121
3.6% of 133.33
2
0
2
5
year 1 year 2
What is the percentage increase from the 1st year to the
2nd ?
What is the increase?
5
From where it is increasing? 20
Percentage increase = 5/20 * 100
= * 100
Department of Analytical Skills = 25%
10%`
100
110
99
110
10%
To find the decrease easily lets learn a shortcut.
Between two values if the increase is 1/n, then the
decrease will be 1/n+1.
Increase % = 10% = 1/10
Decrease %
= 1/11 = 9.09%
From 110 to 100 the decrease % should be 9.09%
Similarly for the previous question if you observe
Increase % = 25% = 1/4
Decrease %
= 1/5 = 20%
Department of Analytical Skills
Increase = 1/4
= 25%
1/n+1
This can be applied in many other topics like time speed and
distance in the formula D = S * T etc.
Example 4: A person buys 750 litres of milk every year and the
price of the milk is Rs 20 per litre. If the price of the milk
increases to Rs 25 per litre next year, what amount of milk
he/she can buy for the same expense as in the previous year?
A. 500 litres
B. 562.50 litres
C. 600 litres
D. 9000 litres
Solution:
Method 2:
Assume the initial speed of the car as 100kmph
Initial speed of the car
= 100
Speed of the car after the 1st increase = 125
Speed of the car after the 2nd increase = 150
Initial speed = 100
Final speed = 150
Percentage increase = 50%
Method 3: Shortcut
If the 1st increase/ decrease is a% and the 2nd
increase/decrease is b% the overall increase/decrease %
will be
a + b + ab/100 %
In this question a = 25% and b= 20%
Overall increase/decrease = 25 + 20 + (25)(20)/100
= 25 + 20 + 5
= 50 %
4) Solved examples
Department of Analytical
60% (remaining)
420
=
=
=
=
Rs
Rs
Rs
Rs
12.50
25
5
500
5) Practice problems
Department of Analytical
1
20
14
21
Department of
Department of
180
360
90
270
Department of Analytical
Department of Analytical
Department of Analytical
Department of Analytical