The addition of waste

for the structure of

concrete
Compiled by :
Moch. Ilham Akbar
Novi Sugiati

(13050724016)

(14050724007)

Erytasha Mahdy Pratama (14050724016)

Ardi Bahrul Ilmi

(14050724045)

Introduction
Due to the awareness on the need for
environmental protection, turning wastes
into ingridients of concrete has drawn
increasing attention. Apart from material
and energy conservation, reuse of some
wastes could result in better
performances of concrete in several
areas.

Analysis of Fly Ash Cement Concrete

for Road Construction
Fly ash concrete was first used in the U.S. in 1929 for
the Hoover Dam, where engineers found that it allowed
for less total cement. And the major breakthrough in
using fly ash in concrete was the construction of Hungry
Horse Dam in 1948, utilizing 120,000 metric tons of fly
ash

 Fly ash has been successfully used as a mineral

admixture in PCC for nearly 60 years. This is the largest
single use of fly ash
Fly ash has also been used as substitute mineral filler in
asphalt paving mixtures for many years. Mineral filler in
asphalt paving mixtures consists of particles

 For a given set of materials in a concrete mixture, there may be a Portland

cement content that produces a maximum concrete strength. In order to
obtain higher strengths one of the most practical methods is the use of fly ash
in the mixture. Fly ash proportioned using the concepts suggested by this
paper has been shown to give strengths significantly above those obtainable
by a Portland cement concrete. The method of proportioning proposed in this
paper allows for the use of a wide range of fly ashes, it has been found that it
is not the quality of fly ash that is important but the variation of that quality
about a mean. Good concrete can be proportioned containing a low quality fly
ash as long as that quality does not vary substantially. The greatest advantage
of the use of fly ash in concrete is the flexibility that it allows with the
selection of the mixture proportions

Testing of
Figure 8. Fly Ash Figure
Cement9.Concrete
Specimen

Influence of Polymer Fiber on

Strength of Concrete
Due to the awareness on the need for environmental
protection, turning solid wastes into ingridients of
concrete has drawn increasing attention.

Polymer Fiber
(powder form)

Sand

Cement
Mix

Gravel

Polymer
Fiber
Solution

Concre
te
Mold
Curing

7 days

14
days

28
days

Compressi
ve
Strength

Compressiv
e Strength
Test

Compressiv
e Strength
Test

Experimental Procedure
The experiments made were of five different groups, as
to the polymer fibers being proportioned to the
cements percent by weight in kg such as 2% to 98%,
4% to 96%, 6% to 94%, 8% to 92%, and 10% to 90%.
The concrete mix was poured into eighteen molds, 6
inches diameter by 12 inches high cylinders. The
specimens were grouped according to the proportions of
polymer fiber to cement (by weight in kg) such as 2% to
98%, 4% to 96%, 6% to 94%, 8% to 92%, and 10% to
90%, respectively. These mixes were the experimental
groups and a standard mix with no polymer fiber was
the controlled group.

Experimental Procedure
The polymer fiber solution (polyvinyl acetate being
dissolved in water) was mixed manually with a shovel to
sand and gravel at constant mix proportion of class A
at 1:2:4.
The specimens were tested on the hydraulic press on
the seventh, fourteenth and twenty- eighth days of
curing as per ASTM designation to get the compressive
strength.

Table 1. 7th Days of Curing

Specimen
Type

Cement
Content %

Polymer Fiber
Content %

Compressive
Strength
kg/cm

Compressive
Strength lb./in

Standard
(Control)

100

225

3194

With Polymer
fiber

98

275

3903

With Polymer
fiber

96

250

3548

With Polymer
fiber

94

225

3194

With Polymer
fiber

92

175

2484

With Polymer
fiber

90

10

175

2484

Table 2. 14th Days of Curing

Specimen
Type

Cement
Content %

Polymer Fiber
Content %

Compressive
Strength
kg/cm

Compressive
Strength lb./in

Standard
(Control)

100

250

3548

With Polymer
fiber

98

300

4258

With Polymer
fiber

96

275

3903

With Polymer
fiber

94

275

3903

With Polymer
fiber

92

225

3194

With Polymer
fiber

90

10

200

2839

Table 3. 28th Days of Curing

Specimen
Type

Cement
Content %

Polymer Fiber
Content %

Compressive
Strength
kg/cm

Compressive
Strength lb./in

Standard
(Control)

100

300

4258

With Polymer
fiber

98

400

5677

With Polymer
fiber

96

350

4968

With Polymer
fiber

94

325

4613

With Polymer
fiber

92

275

3903

With Polymer
fiber

90

10

225

3194