Faults and Earthquakes

Prepared by:
Stephen M. Alconera, RN, MN,
DM
Jay J. Balan, RN, MAN
ACFI BSED-Unit earners

Review of Previous Lessons

Pre- Test: TRUE/ FALSE

1. The Philippines belongs to the Pacific Ring of
Fire
2. The Pacific plate is very active tectonic plate
3. Earthquakes are a result of energy being
released when a fault slip
4. Elastic rebound sudden release of energy built
up for hundreds of years
5. Epicenter is the location where elastic rebound
occurs
6. Focus is the spot on the surface directly above
the focus

7. Tsunami is the results from sudden

shifting of seabeds due to movement of
underwater faults or due to the plate
movement
8. Intensity is the assessment of the damage
brought by the earthquake
9. Moment Magnitude is the amount of
energy released from the focus
10.Magnitude is the measurement of the
distance of ground shifting or the distance
through which land features are displaced

Definition of Terms
Pacific ring of fire the regions that surround
the pacific ocean or the circum-Pacific belt
Earthquake result of energy being released
when fault slips
Elastic rebound sudden release of energy
built up for hundreds of years
Focus the location where elastic rebound
occurs
Epicenter the spot on the surface directly
above the focus
Vibrations energy released from the focus
Seismic waves earthquake vaves

Tsunami results from sudden shifting of

seabeds due to movement of underwater
faults or due to the plate movement
Intensity the assessment of the damage
brought by the earthquake
Magnitude the amount of energy released
from the focus
Moment-Magnitude the measurement of
the distance of ground shifting or the
distance through which land features are
displaced
Waves carriers of energy
P waves the 1st waves to reach the distant
seismograph station because they travel
faster

The Pacific Ring of Fire

The Regions that
surround the pacific
Ocean or the
circum-Pacific Belt
is known as the
Pacific Ring of Fire1
Countries:
Philippines, Japan,
Alaska, California,
Mexico, South
America, NZ, &
Indonesia

 The middle of the pacific plate is

dotted with hot spots that spew
magma from the ocean floor
The Hawaiian island have been
formed by the hot spot activity

Earthquake
The force of an
earthquake depend on
the amount of
released energy
In general, the longer
it takes for the forces
between the 2 sides of
the fault to build up,
the stronger the
resulting earthquake
when it snaps

Mechanism
The energy is released
to the lithosphere1
Potential energy that
has been built up over
long periods of time is
quickly converted into
kinetic energy
That sudden release of
energy is called elastic
rebound

Location & Depth

At the fault, the
location where elastic
rebound occurs is
called focus
(hypocenter)1
The spot on the
surface directly above
the focus is the
epicenter
Energy is released from
the focus as vibrations2

 Earthquake waves are seismic waves

that may cause the listhosphere to
vibrate up and down, sideways, or
even in a circular manner when 2
motions combine

 Direction: Write the correct answer on the space provided before

each number
_____ 1. The regions that surround the pacific ocean or the circumPacific belt
_____ 2. The result of energy being released when fault slips
_____ 3. Sudden release of energy built up for hundreds of years
_____ 4. The location where elastic rebound occurs
_____ 5. The spot on the surface directly above the focus
_____ 6. The energy released from the focus
_____ 7. These are called earthquake waves
_____ 8. Results from sudden shifting of seabeds due to movement of
underwater faults or

due to the plate movement

_____ 9. The assessment of the damage brought by the earthquake
_____ 10. The amount of energy released from the focus