CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION TYPES

Concrete
Cast in-situ

Prefabricated

Simply
Prefabricated

Pre-stressed

Pre-tensioned

Post-tensioned

Bonded posttensioned
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Unbonded
post-tensioned
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PRECAST CONSTRUCTION

The main features

of
this
construction
process are:

THE DIVISION
AND
SPECIALIZATION
OF THE HUMAN
WORKFORCE

THE USE OF
TOOLS,
MACHINERY
AND OTHER
EQUIPMENT,
USUALLY
AUTOMATED

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

THE PRODUCTION
OF STANDARD,
INTERCHANGEABL
E PARTS AND
PRODUCTS

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Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRECAST CONSTRUCTION SYSTEMS

Depending on the load-bearing structure, precast
systems
can be divided into the following
Concrete
categories:
Large-panel
systems
Frame systems
Slab-column systems
with walls
Mixed systems

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

LARGE-PANEL SYSTEMS
Depending on the wall
layout, there are three
basic configurations of
large-panel
buildings:
Cross-wall system. The
main walls that resist
gravity and lateral loads
are placed in the short
direction
of
the
building.
Longitudinal-wall
system.
The
walls
resisting gravity and
lateral loads are placed
SUSHANT
SCHOOLlongitudinal
OF ART AND
in
the
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Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
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FRAME SYSTEMS
Precast frames can be constructed using either
linear
elements
or
spatial
beam-column
subassemblages.

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

SLAB-COLUMN SYSTEMS WITH WALLS

These systems rely on
shear walls to sustain
lateral load effects,
whereas
the
slabcolumn
structure
resists mainly gravity
loads. There are two
main systems in this
category:
Lift-slab
system
with walls
Prestressed
slabcolumn system

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRECAST CONSTRUCTION

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRECAST CONSTRUCTION

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRECAST CONSTRUCTION

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION TYPES

Concrete
Cast in-situ

Prefabricated

Simply
Prefabricated

Pre-stressed

Pre-tensioned

Post-tensioned

Bonded posttensioned
SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND
ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Unbonded
post-tensioned
Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
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PRESTRESSED CONCRETE
Prestressed concrete is
a concrete construction
material
which
is
placed
under
compression prior to it
supporting any applied
loads (i.e. it is "pre"
stressed).
The
essence
of
prestressed
concrete
is:
ONCE
THE
INITIAL
SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND
COMPRESSION
HAS
ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

HIGHSTRENGTH
CONCRETE
WHEN
SUBJECT TO
ANY
SUBSEQUENT
COMPRESSIO
N FORCES
DUCTILE
HIGHSTRENGTH
STEEL WHEN
SUBJECT TO
TENSION
FORCES

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRESTRESSING PROCESS

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
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Arjun Gaind

PRINCIPLE

The function of pre-stressing is to place the concrete structure under

compression in those regions where load causes tensile stress.
SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND
ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRINCIPLE

Tension caused by the load will first have to cancel the compression
induced by the pre-stressing before it can crack the concrete.
SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND
ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRINCIPLE

By placing the pre-stressing low in the simple-span beam and high in

the cantilever beam, compression is induced in the tension zones;
creating upward camber.
SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND
ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRINCIPLE

The loads cause both the simple-span beam and cantilever beam to
deflect down, creating tensile stresses in the bottom of the simplespan beam and top of the cantilever beam.
SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND
ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRINCIPLE

The structural designer balances the effects of load and pre-stressing

in such a way that tension from the loading is compensated by
compression induced by the pre-stressing.
SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND
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Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRINCIPLE

Tension is eliminated under the combination of the two and tension

cracks are prevented.
SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND
ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRINCIPLE

Also, construction materials (concrete and steel) are used more

efficiently; optimizing materials, construction effort and cost.
SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND
ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

CONCRETE CONSTRUCTION TYPES

Concrete
Cast in-situ

Prefabricated

Simply
Prefabricated

Pre-stressed

Pre-tensioned

Post-tensioned

Bonded posttensioned
SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND
ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Unbonded
post-tensioned
Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRE-TENSIONING VS POST-TENSIONING
Pre-tensioning: A method of Pre
stressing concrete in which the
TENDONS ARE TENSIONED BEFORE
THE CONCRETE IS PLACED. In this
method, the prestress is imparted to
concrete by bond between steel and
concrete
Post-tensioning: A method of pre
stressing concrete by TENSIONING THE
TENDONS
HARDENED
SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ARTAGAINST
AND
Group
ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRE-TENSIONING

In pre-tensioned members, the prestressing

strands
are
tensioned
against restraining bulkheads BEFORE
THE CONCRETE IS CAST. After the
concrete has been placed, allowed to
harden and attain sufficient strength,
the strands are released and their
force is transferred to the concrete
member.
SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND
ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRE-TENSIONING PROCESS

Tendons and reinforcement are

positioned in the beam mould.
Tendons are stressed to about 70%
of their ultimate strength.

Concrete is cast into the beam mould

and allowed to cure to the required
initial strength.

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

When the concrete has cured the

stressing force is released and the
tendons anchor themselves in the
concrete.
Aranya
Astha
Group

Khurana
Arushi Rana

Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

POST-TENSIONING

Pre-stressing
by
post-tensioning
involves installing and stressing prestressing strand or bar tendons only
AFTER THE CONCRETE HAS BEEN
PLACED, hardened and attained a
minimum compressive strength for
that transfer.

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

POST-TENSIONING PROCESS

Cable ducts and reinforcement

are positioned in the beam mould.
The ducts are usually raised
towards the neutral axis at the Concrete is cast into the beam mould
ends to reduce the eccentricity of and allowed to cure to the required
initial strength.
the stressing force.

Tendons are threaded through the

cable ducts and tensioned to about
70% of their ultimate strength.
Wedges are inserted into the end
anchorages and the tensioning force
on the tendons is released. Grout is
then pumped into the ducts to protect
the tendons.
Aranya
Astha
SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND
ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Khurana
Arushi Rana

Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

BONDED VS UNBONDED POST-TENSIONING

Bonded Post-tensioning: Concrete
in which prestress is imparted to
concrete through BOND BETWEEN THE
TENDONS
AND
SURROUNDING
CONCRETE. Pre tensioned members
belong to this group.

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE: PARTS

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

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Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

MATERIAL CHOICE
High Strength Concrete is necessary for prestress
concrete as the material offers:
highly resistance in tension, shear bond and bearing
less liable to shrinkage cracks
has lighter modulus of elasticity
smaller ultimate creep strain resulting in a smaller
loss of prestress in steel.
reduction in a cross sectional dimensions of
prestress concrete structural element
reduced dead weight of the material longer span
become technically and economically practicable
High-strength Tensile Steels tensile strength is in the
range of 1400 to 2000 N/mm2 and if initially stress
upto 1400 N/mm2 is applied, there will be still large
Aranya
Astha
SUSHANT
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OF ART
AND
stress
in the
high
tensile
reinforcement
after making
Group Khurana
Agarwal
ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Arushi Rana

Arjun Gaind

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE: PARTS

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE: PARTS

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE: PARTS

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind

PRESTRESSED CONCRETE: PARTS

SUSHANT SCHOOL OF ART AND

ARCHITECTURE, GURGAON,

Group

Aranya
Khurana
Arushi Rana

Astha
Agarwal
Arjun Gaind