Acetaldehyde

Chemical Name: Acetal formaldehyde

IUPAC name: Acetaldehyde
Structure: CH3COH
Molar mass: 44.05gmol1
Boiling point: 20.7 C, Melting point: -123 C
Properties: a colorless liquid with a pungent odor
(This substance is soluble in water and
alcohol).
Acetaldehyde is carcinogenicin
humans.

Acetaldehyde
Acetaldehyde(Ethanal) is an organic compound,
sometimes abbreviated by chemists as MeCHO (Me = m
ethyl).
It is one of the most important aldehydes,
occurring widely in nature and being produced on
a large scale in industry.
Acetaldehyde occurs naturally in coffee, bread, and r
ipe fruit, and is produced by plants.

Production of acetaldehyde
In 2003, global production was about 1 million
tonnes. Before 1962, ethanol and acetylene w
ere the major sources of acetaldehyde. Since t
hen, ethylene is the dominant feedstock.

From
ethylen
e

The main method of production is the

oxidation of ethylene by the Wacker
process, using a palladium/copper
system, reaction by the following
equation:

2CH2=CH2 + O2 2CH3CHO

Production of acetaldehyde
From
ethanol
Smaller quantitiescan be prepared by the
partial oxidation of ethanol in an exothermic r
eaction. This process typically is conducted ov
er a silver catalyst at about 500650 C. React
ion by the following equation:
CH3CH2OH +12O2 CH3CHO + H2O

Production of acetaldehyde
From
ethanol
Acetaldehyde was produced by the partial
dehydrogenation of ethanol reaction by the
following equation:
CH3CH2OH CH3CHO + H2
In this endothermic process, ethanol vapor is
passed
at 260290 C over a copper-based ca
talyst.

Production of acetaldehyde

From
acethylen
e

Acetaldehyde can also be produced by the

hydration of acetylene, catalyzed by mercury
salts. Furthermore,
it is costly and
environmentally problematic, because
the catalyst is methylated to give
methylmercury
during the process.

C2H2+ H2O CH3CHO + 151

The reaction produces tautomerization
of acetaldehyde
KCal
to vinyl alcohol.

At room temperature, acetaldehyde (CH3CH=O) is more

stable thanvinyl alcohol.

Uses of acetaldehyde
Acetic acid
Acetic acid can be synthesized by reacting 2 mole of
acetaldehyde with 1 mole of oxygen reaction by the following
equation:

2 CH3CHO + O2 2 CH3CO2H

Using modern catalysts, this reaction can have an acetic acid

yield greater than 95%. The major side-products are ethyl
acetate, formic acid, and formaldehyde, all of which have lower
boiling points than acetic acid and are readily separated by
distillation.

Features a crystal clear this kind of corrosive acid.

Acid vapor can cause eye and nose irritation.
A very useful in removing the slag in wat
er.
In the food industry acet
ic acid used as food additives to control acidity.

Uses of acetaldehyde
Pentaerythritol
Pentaerythritol can be synthesized by reacting 1 mole
of acetaldehyde with 4 mole of formaldehyde.

CH3COH+ 4CH2O
C5H12O4

Pentaerythritol is used for the preparation of

many polyfunctionalized compounds such as
the explosive pentaerythritol tetranitrate and
pentaerythritol tetraacrylate.

Uses of acetaldehyde
Peracetic acid
Peracetic acid is produced industrially by the
autoxidation of acetaldehyde:

CH3CHO + O2 CH3CO3H
Applied for the disinfection of medical supplies, to prevent
biofilm formation in pulp industries, and as a water
purifier and disinfectant. Peracetic acid can be used as a co
oling tower
water disinfectant.

Uses of acetaldehyde
Ethanol

Ethanol can be synthesized by alcohol

dehydrogenase process.

The largest single use of ethanol is as an enginefuel

andfuel additive.
Ethanol is an important feedstock industrial ingredient.
It has widespread use as a precursor for other organic
compounds such as ethylhalides, ethylesters, diethyl
ether, acetic acid, and ethylamines.

Reference
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Acetaldehyde#Uses
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetic_acid
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentaerythritol
http://gammaco.com/gammaco/th/
3090005#manual
http://www.summacheeva.org/
index_thaitox_acetaldehyde.htm