Académique Documents
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Techniques
Done by;
DR. ISRAA AWADH
B.D.S.
Contents
*Objectives of Root Canal Preparation.
*The principles of shaping.
*Standardized technique
*Step back technique
*Modified step back technique
*Step down technique
*Crown down technique
*Hybrid technique
*Double flared technique
*Modified double flared technique
*Balanced force technique
1.Eliminate microorganisms.
2.Remove remaining pulp tissues.
3.Remove debris.
4.Shape the root canal system so that it
may be obturated.
Techniques can be
divided to:
Apical to
coronal
Coronal to
apical
Techniques
Apical to
coronal
1.Conventional
1.Conventional
2.Step
2.Step back
back
3.Modified
3.Modified step
step back
back
Coronal to apical
1.Step
1.Step down
down
2.Crown
2.Crown down
down
3.Hybrid
3.Hybrid technique
technique
4.Double
4.Double flared
flared technique
technique
5.Modified
5.Modified double
double flared
flared
6.Balanced
6.Balanced force
force technique
technique
*Standardized
technique
introduction
*Also known as conventional technique. One of the
first technique to be used introduced by Ingle.
standardized reamers of
increasing sizes were used sequentially to enlarge
the apical part of the canal.
How to Do
*Determine working length and select
the initial apical file.
Drawback
*Chances of loss of working length due to accumulation of dentin
debris.
*Step
back
techni
que
*Introduction
* Weine, Martin, Walton, and Mullaney
Phase I
* Is the apical preparation starting at the
apical constriction.
* The apical region is first inserted with initial
apical file (IAF) which is a fine instruments
tapered stainless steel file ( Nos 10,15, 20 or
25)
Phase II
Phase II is the step back preparation,
which is achieved by increasing the
size of files and by decreasing the
length, that is, by using Nos 30, 35,
and 40 files of 1, 2, and 3mm
short of working length to produce a
coronal taper.
In between placing each larger
instruments, the master apical file is
inserted to the working length to
clear out any debris collecting in the
apical part of the canal; this is
referred to as
Recapitulation.
Limitations
* Debris extruded will block the canal
* Loss of working length
* Tendency to straiten the canal
* Time consuming.
* introduction
Extrusion of canal contents during instrumentation
has shown to cause postoperative discomfort and
delayed healing. This problem was found with most
of instrumentation techniques.
To withstand this problem a different approach
called the coronal to apical approach was
introduced which advocated shaping the coronal
aspect of a root canal first before apical
instrumentation commented.
*How to do
* the pulp chamber filled with irrigant or lubricant now canal is
*advantages
* Permits straighter access to the apical region.
* Eliminate coronal interference which allows
better determination of apical canal sizes.
* Removes bulk of tissue and microorganisms
before apical shaping.
* Allows deeper penetration of irrigants.
* The working length is less likely to change.
* Less amount of necrotic debris could be
extruded throw the apical foramen.
* Less chance of zipping near the apical
constriction due to increased in the access
opening.
*Disadvantages
* More time consuming than the step back
technique.
* Excessively flared preparation in the coronal
and middle thirds may weaken the tooth and
create problems.
* If large, less flexible rotary instruments are
used too rapidly and deeply in the root canal, a
ledge may form.
* In canals that curve severely the rotary
instruments cannot be precurved.
*Hybrid technique
*In this technique a combination of step-back and
Advantages
*Less chances of ledge formation.
*This technique maintains the integrity of dentin by
avoiding excessive removal of radicular dentin.
Indications
* Straight root canals.
* Straight portion of curved canals of mature teeth.
Contraindications
*Calcified canals.
*Young permanent teeth.
*Teeth with open apex as they have thin
dentinal walls and great pulp volume.
*.
Advantages
* With the help of this technique, there are lesser
chances of canal transportation.
References
Textbook of Endodontics
Anil Kohli
Endodontics, Volume 1
Ingle, Bakland