BIOGAS

Department of Biotechnology,
Mechanical Engineering &
Civil Engineering

DEFINITION
Biogastypically refers to a mixture of
differentgasesproduced by the breakdown
oforganic matterin the absence ofoxygen. Biogas
can be produced from raw materials such as
agricultural waste,manure,municipal waste,plant
material,sewage,green wasteorfood waste. It is a
renewable energy source and in many cases exerts
a very small carbon footprint.
Biogas can be produced byanaerobic digestion
withanaerobic bacteria, which digest material
inside a closed system, orfermentationof
biodegradable materials.

COMPOSITION
Biogas is primarilymethane(CH
4) andcarbon dioxide(CO2) and may have
small amounts ofhydrogen sulfide(H
2S), moisture andsiloxanes. The gases
methane,hydrogen, andcarbon monoxide
(CO) can be combusted or oxidized with
oxygen. This energy release allows biogas to
be used as a fuel; it can be used for any
heating purpose, such as cooking. It can also
be used in a gas engine to convert the energy
in the gas into electricity and heat. [2]

OUTCOME
Biogas can be compressed, the same
waynatural gasis compressed toCNG, and
used to powermotor vehicles. In the UK, for
example, biogas is estimated to have the
potential to replace around 17% of vehicle
fuel.
It
qualifies
for
renewableenergy
subsidiesin some parts of the world. Biogas
can be cleaned and upgraded to natural gas
standards, when it becomes bio methane.

Production
Abiogas plantis the name often given to an anaerobic digester that treats
farm wastes or energy crops.
During the process, the microorganisms transform biomass waste into
biogas (mainly methane and carbon dioxide) anddigestate.
The biogas is a renewable energy that can be used for heating, electricity,
and many other operations that use a reciprocating internal combustion
engine, such asGE JenbacherorCaterpillargas engines.[4]Other internal
combustion engines such as gas turbines are suitable for the conversion of
biogas into both electricity and heat. The digestate is the remaining
organic matter that was not transformed into biogas. It can be used as an
agricultural fertiliser.
There are two key processes:mesophilicandthermophilicdigestion which
is dependent on temperature. In experimental work at
University of Alaska Fairbanks , a 1000-litre digester usingpsychrophiles
harvested from "mud from a frozen lake in Alaska" has produced 200
300liters of methane per day, about 20%30% of the output from
digesters in warmer climates. [

composition

Typical composition of biogas

Compound Formula %
Methane CH4 45075
Carbon dioxideCO2 22550
Nitrogen N2 2010
Hydrogen H2 201
Hydrogen sulfideH2S 03
Oxygen O 0-0.5

APPLICATIONS
Biogas can be used for electricity production on
sewage works,in aCHPgas engine, where the
waste heat from the engine is conveniently
used for heating the digester; cooking; space
heating;water heating; and process heating. If
compressed, it can replace
compressed natural gasfor use in vehicles,
where it can fuel aninternal combustion engine
orfuel cellsand is a much more effective
displacer of carbon dioxide than the normal use
in on-site CHP plants

BIOGAS PLANT

THANK YOU