Salt: Friend or Foe

Group 2:
Alisya Purnama Ramadhania
Anjani Fitri Siddhartha
Emyr Armandiego Soeharto
Maria Prisca Meivita
Marwam Omar

Assignment 1

Solution Problem 1
1. Can you describe several important roles
of the presence of sodium in the body?

Sodium has many important roles in the body.

For nerve and muscle function, sodium is a
mineral that carries an electrical charge, known
as an electrolyte. Electrolytes facilitate muscle
contraction and nerve cell transmission. This is
very important during the contraction of
muscles. Sodium prevents high blood pressure,
by maintaining adequate body fluid levels.
Sodium mineral is readily absorbed from the
small intestine, and normal storage is
accomplished by muscle and cartilage tissue.
The hormone aldosterone controls the balance of

Solution Problem 2
2. What is the best source of sodium for
nutrient diet?

Pretty much we consume sodium every day to

our body. There are some source of sodium that
we consume every day. The best sources are
Table salt, baking soda, and baking powder. We
could find them in natural or processed food.
Cheese, bacon, olives, pickles, carrot, soy sauce,
smoked meat and fish, etc. contains a lot of
sodium.

Solution Problem 3
3. How sodium ends up in water? What industrial
waste that contribute to high sodium content in
body of river or lakes.

Sodium reacts with water to form sodium oxide and

hydrogen. Sodium oxyde will react with water to form
sodium hydroxide.
2Na (s) + 2H2O 2NaOH (aq) + H2 (g)

A colourless solution is formed, consisting of strongly

alkalic sodium hydroxide (caustic soda) and hydrogen
gas. This is an exothermic reaction. Sodium metal is
heated and may ignite and burn with a characteristic
orange flame. Hydrogen gas released during the burning
process reacts strongly with oxygen in the air.

Solution Problem 4
4. What are the environmental effect of
sodium in water?

Sodium reacts quickly with water to produce sodium

hydroxide and hydrogen. Sodiums powdered form
is highly explosive in water and a poison combined
and uncombined with many other elements. This
chemical is not mobility in solid form although it
absorbs moisture very easily. Once liquid, sodium
hydroxide, leaches rapidly into the soil, possibly
contaminating water source.

Solution Problem 5
5. when you mix sodium chloride salt in 100 mL of water, how
much salt can be dissolved in 100 mL of water until it
precipitates. How do you express concentration in molarity and
molality for this solution.

The chemical equation:

NaCl(s) + H2O(l)
HCl(aq)
The
Product :
Ksp

So, the Ksp of NaCl is

= [s][s]
= s2

NaOH(aq)

Na+
[s]

Cl-

= [Na ][Cl ]
+

[s]

Solution Problem 5
5. when you mix sodium chloride salt in 100 mL of water, how
much salt can be dissolved in 100 mL of water until it
precipitates. How do you express concentration in molarity and
molality for this solution.

When the water starts to precipitates, the

equation is Qc = Ksp
So, we can count the concentration in molarity.
Ksp of NaCl = 38,65
Ksp = s2
s = Ksp
=
= 6,22 M

Solution Problem 5
5. when you mix sodium chloride salt in 100 mL of water, how
much salt can be dissolved in 100 mL of water until it
precipitates. How do you express concentration in molarity and
molality for this solution.

That is the concentration in molarity. To find the

concentration in molality, we have to find the mole first.
Mole of NaCl = Volume x Molarity
= 0,1 L x 6,22 M
= 0,622 mole
And, to find the molality, we have to use the weight of the
water.
100 ml x 1 g/ml = 100 grams
= 0,1 kg
So, the molality of NaCl
Molality of NaCl = moles of NaCl/weight of water =
0,622/0,1 = 6,22 molal
The NaCl that dissolved into water
Mass NaCl
= moles of Nacl x molecule mass of NaCl
= 0,622 x 58,5
= 36,287 grams

Problem Solution 6
6. in the lab you mix 10 mL of an acid solution, HCL 0,01 M with 12
mL of basic solution, NaOH 0,01 M. can you predict what is the
product of this reaction? If there is unreacted compound, how do
you calculate that? How do you write its ionic equation for this
reaction?

We can predict the product of this reaction by

write down the reaction.
HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O
The product is Sodium Chloride (NaCl) and
water (H2O)
Mole of HCl = volume of HCl x concentration of
HCl
= 0,01M x 0, 01L
= 0,0001 mole
Mole of NaOH = volume of NaOH x
concentration of NaOH
= 0,01M x 0,012L

Problem Solution 6
6. in the lab you mix 10 mL of an acid solution, HCL 0,01 M with 12
mL of basic solution, NaOH 0,01 M. can you predict what is the
product of this reaction? If there is unreacted compound, how do
you calculate that? How do you write its ionic equation for this
reaction?

We can calculate from the chemical equation:

HCl

NaOH

NaCl

H 2O
Start

0,00010 moles

0,00012 moles

React
0,00010 moles
0,00010 moles
0,00010 moles
0,00010 moles
So we can see from the result, there is unreacted
Result
0,00002 moles
0,00010 moles
compound,
its
NaOH
at
about
0,00002
moles.
0,00010 moles

Ionic equation of
HCl
H+ +
Ionic equation of
NaOH Na+

HCL
ClNaOH
+ OH-

Assignment 2

Problem Solution 1
Why elements are grouped in The Periodic Table?
What properties that make these elements stay in
one group?

The elements are grouped in The Periodic Table

because they are divided into a group where they
belong, where in one group all the elements inside
have the same characteristics. The properties that
makes these elements stay in one group is the
valence electron they have in one group. For
example, all the element in group I have valence
electron 1. The elements in group 2 have valence
electron 2, and so on. The valence electron is the
amount of electron in the outer shell

Problem Solution 2
Why elements in group I and II are reactive metals?
Can you explain about their electron configuration
and chemical reactivity?

Group 1 metals are generally more reactive than

group 2 metals because their outer electron is far
easier to remove. They form ions much more readily
than group 2 metals do. The energy required to
remove an outer electron from the ns1 orbital is
very low, lower than in group 2
Group 1 metals don't have a relatively smaller
nuclear charge than group 2 metals. There is less
attraction between the nucleus and the outermost
electron. It can be lost more readily than in group 2,
where attraction by the nucleus' charge is bigger,
due to the presence of more protons.

Problem Solution 3
How do you predict the reaction of elements
in group I with water? Write the chemical
reaction equation.

All of these metals react vigorously or even

explosively with cold water. In each case, a solution

of the metal hydroxide is produced together with
hydrogen gas.

This equation applies to any of these metals and

water; just replace the X by the symbol you want.

Problem Solution 4
How do you describe about the industrial
usage of alkali and metals and their salts?

The industrial usage of alkali metals and their salt is huge

and lots of the alkali metal is almost used in every
industry. Lithium carbonate is used as a drug for
depression suffered; lithium is used to catch carbon
dioxide in ventilation system in airplane and submarines.
Sodium used in the making of tetraethyl lead, Sodium
chloride for cooking, Sodium hydroxide for soap
industrial, paper, textile industrial and rubber industrial,
Sodium nitrate or chill saltpeter as fertilizer. And the
other elements like potassium, rubidium, cesium, and
fransium.

Problem Solution 5
In the lab, 1 gram of each Mg and Na metals are
put into 100 mL of water. What will be the product
and how do you measure the amount of product?

Na
2Na(s) + 2H2O(l) 2NaOH(aq) + H2(g)
The product will be the solution of sodium hydroxide and
hydrogen gas.
To measure the amount of product we have to calculate using
the stoichiometry in chemistry.

Problem Solution 5
In the lab, 1 gram of each Mg and Na metals are
put into 100 mL of water. What will be the product
and how do you measure the amount of product?

Known : Na 1 gram; H2O: 100 mL = 100 g

Moles of Na =mass of Na /mass number of Na= 1/23 = 0,043
moles
Moles of H2O = mass of H2O/mass number of H2O = 1/18 =
0,056 moles
2Na(s

Start

0,043 moles

React

0,043 moles

Result

0,056
moles
0,043
moles
0,013
moles

2H2O(l)

2NaOH(aq)

H2(g)
-

0,043
moles
0,043
moles

0,021
moles
0,021
moles

Then, we get that the moles of NaOH is 0,043 moles. So, we have to use
the same stoichiometry to see the amount of the product.
Mass of NaOH = mass number of NaOH x moles of NaOH
= 40 x 0,043 = 1,720 grams of NaOH in solution

Problem Solution 5
In the lab, 1 gram of each Mg and Na metals are
put into 100 mL of water. What will be the product
and how do you measure the amount of product?

Mg
Mg(s) + 2H2O(l) Mg(OH)2(aq) + H2(g)
The product will be the solution of magnesium hydroxide and
hydrogen gas.
To measure the amount of product we have to calculate using
the stoichiometry in chemistry.

Problem Solution 5
In the lab, 1 gram of each Mg and Na metals are
put into 100 mL of water. What will be the product
and how do you measure the amount of product?

Known : Mg 1 gram; H2O: 100 mL = 100 g

Moles of Mg =mass of Mg mass number of Mg= 1/24 =
0,042 moles
Moles of H2O = mass of H2Omass number of H2O = 1/18 =
0,056 moles
Mg(s)
+
2H2O(l)

Mg(OH)2(aq)
Start

+
H2(g)
0,042
0,056
moles
moles
Reac
0,042
0,042
0,042
0,021
t
moles
moles
moles
moles
Resu
0 that the moles of
0,014
0,042
0,021
Then, we get
Mg(OH)2 is 0,042
moles. So, we have
to
lt
moles
moles
moles

use the same stoichiometry to see the amount o the product.

Mass of Mg(OH)2 = mass number of Mg(OH)2 x moles of Mg(OH)2
= 40 x 0,042 = 1,680 grams of Mg(OH) in solution

Problem Solution 6
If water is replaced by HCL solution 0,05 M, what
will be the reaction equation for each metal?

Na
Na(s) + Cl2 (g) NaCl(s)
= 2Na(s) + Cl2 (g) 2NaCl(s)
The product will be the solid state of sodium chloride.
Both of the side is already balance, there are 2 atoms of
Na and 2 atoms of Cl.
Mg
Mg(s) + Cl2 (g) MgCl2(s)
The product will be the solid state of magnesium chloride.
Both of the side is already balance, 1 atom of Mg and 2
atoms of Cl.

Video

Thank You