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What is the
meaning of burn ?

Burn

are caused by a transfer of

energy from a heat source to the body.

The depth of the injury depends on the
temperature of the burning agent and
the duration of contact with it. Burs are
categorized
as
thermal
(including
electrical burns), radiation, or chemicals
burns.

The
Cause
Of
Burn
The
Cause
Of
Burn
1.A thermal burn occurs when the skin is damaged
by heat.

2.Chemical burns occur upon contact with acid,alkali,

or organic compounds.

3.Electrical burns occur upon contact with high- or

low-voltage electricity.

Phatophysiologi
Burns are caused by a transfer of energy from a
heat source to the body. Heat may be
transfered
through
conduction
or
elecromagnetic radiation. Burns can be
categorized as thermal, radioation, electrical,
or chemical.
Tissue destruction results from coagulation,
protein, denaturation, or ionixation of cellular
contents. The skin and the mucosa of the
upper airways are the sites of tissue
destruction. Deep tissue, including he viscera,
can be damaged by electrical burns or through
prolonged contact with the burning agent.

The Signs And Symptoms Of Burns

First-degree burn. This minor burn affects
only the outer layer of the skin (epidermis). It
may cause redness, swelling and pain. It usually
heals with first-aid measures within several
days to a week. Sunburn is a classic example.

Second-degree burn. This type of burn

affects both the epidermis and the second
layer of skin (dermis). It may cause red,
white or splotchy skin, pain, and swelling. And
the wound often looks wet or moist. Blisters
may develop, and pain can be severe. Deep
second-degree burns can cause scarring.

Third-degree burn. This burn reaches into

the fat layer beneath the skin. Burned areas
may be charred black or white. The skin may
look waxy or leathery. Third-degree burns
can destroy nerves, causing numbness. A
person with this type of burn may also have
difficulty breathing or experience smoke
inhalation or carbon monoxide poisoning.

Treatment

1.Check the area for any

exposed electrical wires, if
you are present on the
scene.
2.Use
cold
water
to
decreased
the
temperature of the area
for a first-degree burn or a
small second-degree burn
and to stop the burning.

3. For chemical burns,

ensure that all the
chemical has been
flushed away

FOR ELECTRICAL
BURNS, LOOK FOR
ENTANCE AND
EXIT WOUND

COVER THE AREA

WITH DRY GAUZE.

ADMINISTER PAIN
MEDICATIONS
(IBUPROFEN,
ACETAMINOPHEN ) AS
NEEDED

FOR THIRD-DEGREE BURNS, THE

ECSHAR NEEDS TO BE DEBRIDED
(CUT AWAY) TO ALLOW NEW
TISSUE TO GROW.

IF THE SKIN IS BROKEN ( SECONDDEGREE

BURN),
USE
A
TOPICAL
ANTIBIOTIC
OINTMENT
SUCH
AS
SILVANEDE TO PREVENT A SECONDARY
BACTERIAL
INFECTION
BEFORE

 These wound are often covered in

moust sterile saline gauze, as
new tissue grows best in this
environment. When the gauze
dries, it adheres to the dead
Oral
antibiotics
may
be
tissue. The area is mechanically
necessary.
debrided when the gauze is
removed.

Administer pain medications

( oxycodone, morphine) as

 Prevent heat loss due to

larges areas of tisssue
exposed from lack of skin
coverage.
Maintain fluid levels since fluid
loss is common from
evavoration and wound
drainage.

Alteration

in gas exchange

airway clearance
Alteration
in fluid
electrolyte balance
High risk for infection
and

Altered

body

and

temperature ;

hypothermia / hyperthermia
Altered

less

nutritional

than

status:

body

DIAGNOSIS CAN OCCUR IN PATIENTS WITH BURN

DX. I ALTERATION IN GAS EXCHANGE AND

AIRWAY CLEARANCE

Use

sepsis

in all aspects of patient

(Minimizes risk of cross-contamination ans
spread of bacterial contamination)

antibiotics

and topical
antibacterial as prescribed (An adequate
concetration pof the agent in necessary to
treat or perevent infection effectively)
Assess wound daily for local signs of
infection;swelling
and
redness,
purulent
drainage,
discoloration
(Indicative of bacterial contamination and
infection)
Administer

THAT IS ALL
AND THANK
YOU

Prioritas terpenting
pada pasien luka bakar
Cara penanganan pada
bahan kimia
Perawatan luka bakar
pada pasien luka bakar
di ganti

Periksa luka bakar kimiawi. Luka bakar

ini disebabkan oleh kontak kulit dengan
bahan kimia berbahaya. Luka bakar
kimiawi yang akan tampak sebagai bercak
kemerahan, ruam, kulit yang melepuh,
dan luka terbuka pada kulit. Langkah
pertama Anda adalah menentukan
penyebabnya dan menghubungi bantuan
medis segera. Segera hubungi unit gawat
darurat segera jika Anda yakin telah
mengalami luka bakar kimiawi. Perawatan
harus diberikan untuk menetralkan dan
menghentikan penyebaran bahan kimia
penyebabnya. [7]
Aliri luka bakar kimiawi dengan banyak
air, tetapi hindarilah penggunaan air jika
luka bakar terkena kapur tohor, atau
unsur logam (seperti natrium, magnesium,
fosfor, litium, dll.) karena bahan-bahan
tersebut dapat bereaksi dengan air dan
menyebabkan luka semakin parah.