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Principles of Engineering
Moment
The moment of a force is a measure of the
tendency of the force to rotate the body
upon which it acts.
FORCE
Terminology
FORCE
=F
lever arm
pivot
distance
=d
Moments Formula
FORCE
pivot
distance
=d
M
=dxF
Moment
=F
Distance
Moment
English
Customary
Pound
force (lbf)
Foot (ft)
lbf-ft
SI
Newton (N)
Meter (m)
N-m
Rotation Direction
In order to add moments, it is important to know if
the direction is clockwise (CW) or counterclockwise
(CCW).
CCW is positive
CW is negative
Right-Hand Rule
Curl your fingers to
match the direction of
rotation.
Thumb is pointing . . . .
Up = Positive
Down = Negative
count
ercloc
kwise
Right-Hand Rule
FORCE
POSITIVE
B
M
U
TH TS
N
POI ARD
TOW U
YO
Right-Hand Rule
FORCE
NEGATIVE
THU
M
POIN B
TS
AWA
Y FR
Y O U OM
Moment Calculations
Wrench
FORCE
F = 20. lb
M=dxF
Use the right-hand rule to
determine positive and negative.
d = 9.0 in.
M = -15 lb-ft
(15 lb-ft clockwise)
Moment Calculations
Longer Wrench
FORCE
F = 20. lb
M=dxF
M = -(20. lb x 1.0 ft)
M = -20. lb-ft
d = 1.0 ft
Moment Calculations
L-Shaped Wrench
F = 20. lb
3 in.
FORCE
d = 3 in. = .25 ft
M=dxF
M = -(20. lb x .25 ft)
M = -5 lb-ft
d = 1.0 ft
Z - Shaped Wrench
F = 20. lb
FORCE
Moment Calculations
9 in.
8 in.
10. in.
Moment Calculations
Wheel and Axle
d = r = 50. cm = 0.50 m
r = 50. cm
M=dxF
Use the right-hand rule to
determine positive and negative.
F = 100 N
M = 100 N x 0.50 m
M = 50 N-m
Moment Calculations
Wheel and Axle
r = 50. cm
50.o
50.
F = 100. N Fy
What is Equilibrium?
The state of a body or physical system with
an unchanging rotational motion.
Two cases for that condition:
1. Object is not rotating OR
2. Object is spinning at a constant speed
M = 0
M1 + M2 + M3 . . . = 0
Moment Calculations
See-Saw
Moment Calculations
M = 0
M1 + M2 = 0
See-Saw
M1 = -M2
F2 = 40. lb
F1 = 25 lb
d1 x F1 = d2 x F2
25lb x 4.0ft - 40. lb x d2=0
100 lb-ft = 40. lb x d2
40. lb
+
d1 = 4.0 ft
2.5 ft = d2
d2 = ? ft
40. lb
Moment Calculations
Loaded beam
dAB = 10.00 ft
dAC= 3.00 ft
C
A
10.00 ft
105 lb-ft
10.00 ft
RBy = 10.5 lb
RAy + RBy = 35.0 lb
FC = 35.0 lb
RAy
RBy
Moment Calculations
Truss
FB = 500. lb
Replace the pinned and
roller supports with
reaction forces.
12 ft
RAx
24 ft
8 ft
dAC = 24 ft
dCD = 8 ft
RAy
dCB = 12 ft
dAD = 32 ft
Fc = 600. lb
RDy
Moment Calculations
Truss
FB = 500. lb MD = MB + MC
12 ft
12 ft
RAx
24 ft
8 ft
32 ft
dAC = 24 ft
RDY = 640 lb
dCD = 8 ft
RAy
dCB = 12 ft
dAD = 32 ft
Fc = 600. lb
RDy
32 ft