Académique Documents
Professionnel Documents
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Course Content
KPI overview
Performance monitoring
Air interface optimization
Traffic Monitoring
Capacity Enhancement
Module Objectives
At the end of the module you will be able to:
Describe techniques for interference and neighbour analysis
and interference reduction
Discuss techniques for coverage monitoring and enhancement
Understand techniques for slow fading analysis
Describe techniques to monitor and improve CQI
Describe how to improve neighbour plan with NSN Optimizer
Tool
RSSI
Ec/Io
Ec/Io
RSCP
distanc
e
Soc Classification level
5
Nokia Siemens Networks
i = 0.3
i = 1.0
I = Total Rx powerother /
Total Rx powerown
cell centre
power of server
dominates
cell 1
cell edge
power of neighbours
dominate
l
Tota
2
wer
o
p
Rx
Tota
l Rx
pow
er 1
cell 2
cell 1
cell edge
neighbouring CPICH
dominate
CP
S
R
H
CPIC
CPIC
H RS
CP 1
cell 2
Cell update
Event 1A report
Event 1B report
Event 1C report
Event 1E report
Event 1F report
UE
BS
Connection request
Cell update
Event 1A1F report
RNC
HHO Ec/Io
threshold
Typical
target
HHO Ec/Io
threshold
Typical
target
HHO Ec/Io
threshold
Typical
target
Low
RSCP
High
TCP
High
Little i
Io mainly
due to UE
receiver
noise
Io mainly
due to own
cell
interference
Io mainly
due to other
cell
interference
1.5
0.75
0.5
0.25
0
Example
16 W overload threshold
Little I = 1.0 throughput = 700 kbps
Little I = 0.5 throughput = 1100 kbps (about 60% more)
Typical target
Typical target
Micro cell
Macro cell
Typical target
Micro cell
Typical target
Macro cell
Clear relationship
Low Ec/Io mainly due to
adjacent cell interference
Not due to high DL load
BS
RNC
Measurement control =
List of ADJS cells
Event 1A report =
ADJS cells measured by UE
2.
Neighbour cells which are common to three active set cells are included
3.
Neighbours which are common to the controlling cell and a second active set cell are
included. (cell, other than the controlling cell, which has the highest CPICH Ec/Io)
4.
Neighbour cells which are common to two active set cells are included
5.
Neighbour cells which are defined for only one active set cell are included
6.
Neighbours which are defined only for the second ranked cell are included
7.
Neighbours which are defined only for the third ranked cell are included
If the combined list exceeds the maximum number of 32 cells during any
step then the handover control stops with the algorithm
ADJS
cells
Serving
BTS
Problems
High signaling load for RNC due to longer
measurement reports
Unstable SHO decisions due to downgraded UE
measurement accuracy (more neighbors measured
during same time)
RNC
Other nearby
cells
Pilot _ pollution
RSCP
neighbor _ cell _ i
Ec / Io
neighbor _ cell _ i
With the optional counters M1028, for each ADJD cell one can evaluate the
following properties
M1028C0 / M1028C1 = average Ec/Io (for all reported ADJD cells)
M1028C2 / M1028C3 = average RSCP (for all reported ADJD cells)
Typical target
in SHO
Clear relationship
Low Ec/Io mainly due to pilot pollution
Not due to high DL load
Some reports taken under very low RSCP
n Ec / Io[ dB ] /10
Pilot _ pollution _ neighbor 10
N
Example values for pilot pollution
Ec/Io = 4dB (addition window) pollution = 10-0.4 = 0.4
Ec/Io = 6dB (drop window) pollution = 10-0.6 = 0.25
Ec/Io per
neighbor
Pilot pollution per
neighbor
N reports
for server
e.g. 79 / 87 * 100.78 / 10
= 0.908 x 1.2=
1.088
Window
offset (dB)
converted
in linear
scale
(factor 1.2)
n reports for
neighbor
Occasionally too
strong neighbors
Very frequently
reported
Seldom reported
Almost as strong as
server or even stronger
In general strong
neighbors
In general very
weak neighbor
Frequently reported
Very seldom
reported
Almost as strong as
server or even stronger
No extremely strong neighbor
But several significant neighbors
with pollution = 0.2..0.4
Few very
strong
neighbours
Intra-BTS
Check angle
between sectors
Check horizontal
antenna beam
Inter-BTS
BS
RNC
Server
Too distant
access
Too distant
access
Server
CPICH 1
CPICH 2
Addition window
4dB difference
1st event 1A report e.g.
2dB difference
time
Addition
window
Sometimes 1A reporting
although addition
window not fulfilled yet
Addition
window
Neighbor
equals server
Addition
window
Neighbor
equals server
Addition
window
RL deletion e.g.
9dB difference
Drop window
6dB difference
CPICH 1
CPICH 2
Drop
window
Sometimes 1B reporting
although drop window
not fulfilled yet
Sometimes 1B execution
although drop window
not fulfilled yet
Cell update
Event 1A report
Event 1B report
Event 1C report
Event 1E report
Event 1F report
BS
Connection request
Cell update
Event 1A1F report
RNC
If thresholds for such procedures are to close together, ping-pong mobility and thus
unwanted signaling occurs
NSN counter do not give scatter of Ec/Io and RSCP directly
Must be determined manually from Ec/Io and RSCP distributions of each cell
Default difference
HHO Ec/Io threshold
HHO Ec/Io cancel
Default difference
HHO Ec/Io threshold
HHO Ec/Io cancel
Initi
al H
S
DPA
pow
er
CPIC
H Ec
/Io
CQI
CQI (corrected)
CQI
(rep
orte
d via
HS
HSD
PA
pack
et
-DPC
C
H)
136
QPSK
16
3576
16-QAM
176
QPSK
17
4200
16-QAM
232
QPSK
18
4672
16-QAM
320
QPSK
19
5296
16-QAM
376
QPSK
20
5896
16-QAM
464
QPSK
21
6568
16-QAM
648
QPSK
22
7184
16-QAM
792
QPSK
23
9736
16-QAM
928
QPSK
24
11432
16-QAM
10
1264
QPSK
25
14424
10
16-QAM
11
1488
QPSK
26
15776
10
64-QAM
12
1744
QPSK
27
21768
12
64-QAM
13
2288
QPSK
28
26504
13
64-QAM
14
2592
QPSK
29
32264
14
64-QAM
15
3328
QPSK
30
32264
14
64-QAM
-2
QPSK
16QAM
64QAM
136
QPSK
176
QPSK
232
QPSK
320
QPSK
376
QPSK
464
QPSK
648
QPSK
792
QPSK
928
QPSK
10
1264
QPSK
11
1488
QPSK
12
1744
QPSK
13
2288
QPSK
14
2592
QPSK
15
3328
QPSK
X = 3 dB
CQIMEASURED = 3
232 bits per TB (116 K)
e.g. HSDPA power
signaled to UE = 37 dBm
16QAM
Low HSDPA
power
Low Ec/Io
Low
RSCP ?
High adjacent
cell
interference ?
High R99
traffic ?
Wrong power
settings ?
(next chapter)
GSM-LAC/GSM-CID
MCC/MNC
Note ! These neighbors are defined only for one way direction.
See next slides how to make those bi-directionally (Refresh
actual operation with RAC)
Soc Classification level
95
Nokia Siemens Networks