Clinical

Ophthalmology

Ophthalmology
Ophthalmologyis the branch ofmedicine

that deals with the anatomy, physiology and

diseases of theeye.
Ophthalmology literally means "the science of
eyes".
It is course for eye study and eye diseases.
It deals with both animals and humans.

Ophthalmologist
Ophthalmologist

Is a physician specializing in medical

and surgical care of the eye

Optometrist prescribe glasses

and other optical devices

EYE

Clinical Anatomy of the eye

The eyeball, or globe fits within a protective bony cavity of the orbit.
The optic nerve and ophthalmic artery enter the orbit through the optic foramen

Extra-ocular muscles

Crystalline lens
transparent, biconvex ,held by zonular fibers, avascular ,no nerve or pain
fibers, opacification causes cataract.
Ciliary body
controls accommodation through the zonular fibers and ciliary muscles.

Iris:
colored part, surrounding the pupil.
Pupil
dilates and constricts in response to light.

What is 20/20
(6/6) vision?
It is a term used to describe standard visual acuity (VA) or average vision

Surgeries
Laser eye surgery: Laser eye surgery or laser corneal

surgery is a medical procedure that uses a laser to

reshape the surface of the eye
Cataract surgery: Acataractis an opacification or
cloudiness of the eye'scrystalline lens due to aging,
disease, or trauma that
typically prevents light from forming a clear image on
the
retina.
Glaucoma surgery: Glaucoma is a group of diseases
affecting theoptic nervethat results invision loss and is
frequently characterized by raisedintraocular
pressure(IOP).
Canaloplasty: Canaloplasty is an advanced,
nonpenetrating procedure designed to enhance drainage
through the eyes natural drainage system to provide
sustained reduction of IOP.

Subspecialties
Anterior segmentsurgery
Retinal ophthalmology, which emphasizes such things aslasertreatment of the retina

and actual retinal surgery

Cataracts not usually considered a subspecialtyper se, since most general
ophthalmologists perform cataract surgery
Cornea, ocular surface, and external disease
Glaucoma
Medical retina, deals with treatment of retinal problems through non-surgical means.
Neuro-ophthalmology
Ocular oncology
Oculoplasticsand orbit surgery
Ophthalmic pathology
Pediatric ophthalmology/strabismus(misalignment of the eyes)
Refractive surgery
Uveitis
Immunology
Veterinary formalspecialty training programs in veterinary ophthalmology now exist
in some countries.
Vitreo-retinal surgery, deals with surgical management of retinal and posterior
segment diseases and disorders. Medical retina and vitreo-retinal surgery sometimes
together calledposterior segmentsubspecialisation.