BUILDING CONSTRUCTION stone masonry

Photo Album
by manish

MASONRY
Masonry may be defined as the construction of
building units bonded together with mortar.
The building units may be stones, bricks or
precast blocks of concrete.
Brick masonry we had already completed.
When stones are used as the building units or
building blocks, we have stone masonry.
Masonry may of following types:1. Stone masonry 2. brick masonry 3. hollow
concrete block masonry 4. reinforced brick
masonry 5. composite masonry.

TERMS USED IN MASONRY

1. Course
2. Header
3. Stretcher
4. Header course
5. Stretcher course
6. Bed
7. Natural bed
8. Bond
9. Quoins
10.Face
11.Back
12.Facing
13.Hearting
14.Side
15.Joint
16.Perpend

TERMS USED IN MASONRY

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Bats
Through stone
Sill
Lintel
Plinth
Plinth course
String course
Jambs
Reveals
Corbel
Cornice
Coping
Weathering
Throating
Toothing
Lacing course
Spalls

MATERIALS FOR STONE MASONRY

1. Mortar
2. Stones
A. Mortar :- mortar is a homogeneous mixture,
produced by uniform mixing of a binder with
inert material and water to make a paste of
required consistency and is used to bind a
masonry unit.
Water quantity.
Lime mortar binding material is lime. Always be
damp.
Cement mortar binding material is cement ,
used as early as possible.

MATERIALS FOR STONE MASONRY

STONE:The stone used for masonry should be hard,
durable, tough and sound, and free from
weathering, decay of defects like cavities, sand
holes, patches of loose etc.
Rocks from which building stones are obtained:1. Igneous rock:- these have been formed by
agency of heat, the molten material
subsequently become solidified. The chief
building stone in this class is granite.
2. Sedimentary rocks:- lime stone & sand stone
3. Metamorphic rocks:- these rocks form a group
which embraces either igneous or
sedimentary rocks which have been changed
from their original form by either pressure, or

TYPE OF STONE MASONRY USED

CLASSIFICATION OF STONE MASONRY

Depending upon the arrangement of stones in
the construction , degree of refinement used in
shaping the stone and finishing adopted, stone
masonry can be classified as follows:1. Rubble masonry
2. Ashlar masonry

RUBBLE
The term RUBBLE describes blocks of stone as
they come from the quarry.
The rough rubble stones are used in walling with
little cutting other than the removal of
inconvenient corners.
Rubble walling has been extensively used for
agricultural buildings and in towns and villages
in those parts of the country where a local
source of stone was readily available.
Stones that are hard and laborious to cut or
shape are used as random rubble and
sedimentary stones that come from the quarry

RANDOM RUBBLE
UNCOURSED
-Roughest
-Cheapest
-Not uniform
-Through stone
-Large stones
For quoins &
Jambs

RUBBLE
BUILT TO COURSES

SQUARED RANDOM RUBBLE :

UNCOURSED

SQUARED RUBBLE: BUILT TO COURSES

SQUARED RUBBLE: REGULAR COURSED

POLYGONAL RUBBLE MASONRY

ROUGH PICKED

CLOSE PICKED

FLINT RUBBLE MASONRY

ASHLAR WALLING
Ashlar walling is constructed of blocks of stone
that have been very accurately cut and finished
true square to specified dimensions so that the
blocks can be laid, bedded and bonded with
comparatively thin mortar joints .
The considerable labour involved in cutting and
finishing individual stones makes it very
expensive.
Ashlar walling was used for the larger more
permanent buildings where the formal character
of the building is pronounced by the finish to the
walling.

ASHLAR FINE TOOLED

ASHLAR CHAMFERED

ASHLAR FACING
MASONRY

ASSIGNMENT 1
Find images of buildings employing the various
types of stone masonry as discussed.
Atleast two (good quality) images for each type of
masonry.