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THE CHALLENGE
It is not easy to
shift from
conventional to
ecological
sanitation systems.
Toilets are deeply
ingrained
within a specific
cultural and
personal context.
ITS NATURAL
The natural functions of
urinating and defecating
are frequently referred to
with euphemisms:
SANITARY BEHAVIORS
Toilet behaviors are learned at a very early age,
assimilated into daily routine and then
simply not spoken about.
The school toilet experience is often traumatic!
Shame
Disgust
Ridicule
Abuse
TALKING TOILETS
Is it really so difficult to talk about toilets?
Once basic taboos are broken,
people tend to be fascinated by
the subject.
THE CHALLENGE:
HOW to get people talking
about toilets in a
meaningful and
constructive manner?
SARAR METHODOLOGY
Self-esteem
Associative strengths
Resourcefulness
Action planning
Responsibility
Participatory methodologies can play
a crucial role in overcoming
resistances, making decisions and
changing behavior.
SARAR PARTICIPATORY
METHODS & TOOLS
Assessment
Planning
Didactic/
Information
Monitoring
SARAR
RESISTANCE TO CHANGE
CONTINUUM
5
CAPACITYBUILDING
4
AWARENESSRAISING
3
There is no problem.
I would like to
demonstrate the
solution to others.
Unserialized Posters
Creative/expressive needs
assessment tool for
externalizing interpersonal
social dynamics and cultural
values and taboos.
Pocket Chart
Quantitative qualitative
assessment of toilet use and
preferences including gender,
socio-economic and territorial
variables.
NURSE TANAKA
CONTAMINATION ROUTES
Permits the community to identify and compare the range of basic sanitation
technologies available to them -- and to decide which options would be most
appropriate given the particular local context.
ECOSAN PUZZLE
Increases understanding of
sanitation as a system and
stimulates reflection on relative
risk, gender roles, etc.
3-PILE SORTING
PLANNING POSTERS
PROGRAM EXPERIENCES
KYRGYZSTAN
August 1999 --SARAR /PHAST Workshop in Osh, Ferghana Valley
-UNICEF - SIE/IWS (Secrtariat International de l'Eau ). -Development of local tool kits and trained trainers.
April 2003 -- Ecosan Workshop Village leaders from Kyrgyzstan and
Uzbekistan. Central Asian Alliance for Water (CAAW), SIE/IWS,
UNDP/BDP
2008 WECF - CAAW HfH :
Empowermnent and Local Action
Program
Toilet siting:
DRIVERS = Fertilizer and convenience
MOZAMBIQUE
March 2000 - Lichinga, Niassa
Province, Bringing Environmental
Sanitation and Hygiene Into the Mix
WaterAid UNDP ESTAMOS
Govt.
Sanitation ladder Sanitation
matrix (scoring) + PHAST = Entry
point for fossa alterna and arborloo
program (P. Morgan)
September 2002 - WaterAid
Stakeholder workshop, Zambezia,
Mozambique.
2008 - Feliciano dos Santos Goldman Prize Winner, Moambique
http://www.hesperian.org/Santos.php
Fossa Alterna:
Permanence convenience - fertilizer
TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS
adult <-> adult
parent <-> child
child <-> child
- Adult: more balanced, mature,
communication between equals,
respect
- Parent: critical (authoritarian),
protective (overprotective).
-Child: obedient, submissive,
rebellious, dependent
Contexts:
Family
Work
Community